نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

2 دکتری یادگیری حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

اعتیاد به مواد یکی از مهم­ترین مشکلات و بیماری­های قرن حاضر است که نگرانی وسیعی را در سطح جهان ایجاد کرده است و حل مسئلة اعتیاد در جامعه از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر ذهن‌آگاهی و فعالیت بدنی بر ویژگی‌های رفتاری و پیشگیری از بازگشت زنان معتاد بود. تعداد 60 نفر از معتادان، ازبین کمپ­های ترک اعتیاد شهر تبریز به‌صورت تصادفی چندمرحله­ای انتخاب شدند. آن­ها در چهار گروه ذهن‌آگاهی، فعالیت بدنی، ذهن‌آگاهی و فعالیت بدنی و گروه کنترل، براساس سن و قد قرار گرفتند. برنامة­ ورزش هوازی به‌صورت 24 جلسه، هر هفته سه جلسه و هر جلسه 60 دقیقه و مداخلات ذهن‌آگاهی هشت هفتة یک‌جلسه‌ای و هر جلسه 60 دقیقه انجام  شدند. قبل و بعد از اجرای مداخله، آزمودنی­ها پرسش‌نامه‌های تاب­آوری و خودکارآمدی را تکمیل کردند و آزمایش اعتیاد در ابتدا، انتها و دو ماه بعد از مداخلات گرفته شد. در این پژوهش، از تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره استفاده شد.  نتایج نشان داد که در گروه ترکیبی ذهن آگاهی و فعالیت بدنی نسبت به گروه­های دیگر، تاب­آوری و خودکارآمدی بهتری وجود دارد و افراد این گروه بازگشت کمتری دارند.  با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، فعالیت بدنی همراه با مداخلات ذهن‌آگاهی می­تواند عوامل روان­شناختی معتادان زن را بهبود بخشد و به‌عنوان یک درمان غیردارویی در دورۀ ترک کمک‌کننده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Mindfulness and Physical Exercise on Addicted Women's Behavioral Characteristics and Preventing Them from Further Addiction

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrouz Ghorbanzadeh 1
  • Maryam Lotfi 2

1 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior. Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

2 Ph.D of Motor Behavior, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

Addiction has been considered as one of the main problems and diseases of the present century and has attracted wide range of global concerns. This fact has made the addiction as a highlighted subject matter to be solved. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of mindfulness and physical exercise on addicted women's behavior characteristics and preventing them from further addiction. In this study, 60 addicted women were randomly selected in a multistage process from the addiction retreat camps of city of Tabriz; Iran. They were divided into four groups including mindfulness, physical exercise, mindfulness and physical exercise, and control groups according to age and height. Programs were held in 24 sessions, in the form of three sessions per week with each session lasted for 60 minutes. Before training initiation and at the end of the last session, the resiliency and self-efficacy questionnaires were filled by the participants. To analyze data MANOVA test was used. The results showed that in mindfulness and physical activity group the resiliency and self-efficacy was significantly improved when compared to the other groups and the individuals were less desired to be addicted again. According to the results, physical activity along with mindfulness intervention can improve addicted women's psychological factors and can be utilized as a non-drug treatment while quitting adiiction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mindfulness
  • Physical Exercise
  • Resiliency
  • Self-Efficacy
  • Preventing
  • Addicted Women
1. Ahadi, B., Narimani, M., Abul Ghasemi, A., & Asiaie, M. (2010). Relationship between emotional intelligence, document style and self-efficacy with life satisfaction in employed women. Educational and Psychological Studies of Ferdowsi University, 10(3): 127-117. (In Persian).
2. Asl, N. H., & Barahmand, U. (2014). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for co-morbid depression in drug-dependent males. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(5), 314-318.
3. Azad, H. (2011). The correlation of social support, tolerance and mental health in children of martyrs and war-disabled in Universities of Ilam. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 3(4), 48-58.
4. Babapour, K. A. J., Poursharifi, H., Hashemi, T., & Ahmadi, E. (2013). The relationship of meta-cognition and mindfulness components with obsessive beliefs in students, 23-38.
5. Bakhtiari, M. (2001). Study of mental disorders in patients with abdominal disorder. (Unpublished masterʼs thesis). Tehran Psychiatric Institu Tehran. (In Persian).
6. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
7. Ben-Shahar, O., Sacramento, A. D., Miller, B. W., Webb, S. M., Wroten, M. G., Silva, H. E., …, & Ditzhazy, J. (2013). Deficits in ventromedial prefrontal cortex group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor function mediate resistance to extinction during protracted withdrawal from an extensive history of cocaine self-administration. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(2), 495-506a.
8. Brown, R. A., Abrantes, A. M., Read, J. P., Marcus, B. H., Jakicic, J., Strong, D. R., … , & Stuart, G. L. (2010). A pilot study of aerobic exercise as an adjunctive treatment for drug dependence. Mental health and physical activity, 3(1), 27-34.
9. Conner, K. M, & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Journal of Depression and Anexiety, 18, pp 76-82.
10. Chawarski, M. C., Zhou, W., & Schottenfeld, R. S. (2011). Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) in MMT programs in Wuhan, China: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 115(3), 237-239.
11. Cheng, S.-C., Huang, M.-Z., & Shiea, J. (2011). Thin layer chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography, 1218(19), 2700-2711.
12. Conor, L., & Davidson, M. (2003). An inventory for resilience construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 41-53.
13. Davis, J. M., Manley, A. R., Goldberg, S. B., Smith, S. S., & Jorenby, D. E. (2014). Randomized trial comparing mindfulness training for smokers to a matched control. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 47(3), 213-221.
14. Elwafi, H. M., Witkiewitz, K., Mallik, S., Thornhill IV, T. A., & Brewer, J. A. (2013). Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Moderation of the relationship between craving and cigarette use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 130(1), 222-229.
15. Fontes, C. A., Riberio, E., Marques, F. C., Pereira, A. P., Macedo, T. (2011). May exercise prevent Addiction? Current Neuropharmacology, 9(1), 458.
16. Garmezy N, Masten, A. The protective role of competence indicators in children at risk. In: Cummings EM, Green AL, Karraki KH, editors. Life span developmental psychology: Perspectives on stress and coping. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence; 1991. P.147-151
17. Ghorbanian B., Yavari Y., Lotfi M., Shamiry M., Razmandi F., Shalchi B. (2017). Effect of physical activity on body mass index and some physical fitness factors in addicted women. Journal of Health Promotion Management, 6(4): 43-49. (In Persian).
18. Hosseini, S. A., & Besharat, M. A. (2010). Relation of resilience whit sport achievement and mental health in a sample of athletes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 633-638.
19. Hsu, S. H., Collins, S. E., & Marlatt, G. A. (2013). Examining psychometric properties of distress tolerance and its moderation of mindfulness-based relapse prevention effects on alcohol and other drug use outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 38(3), 1852-1858.
20. Ilgen, M., McKellar, J., & Tiet, Q. (2005). Abstinence self-efficacy and abstinence 1 year after substance use disorder treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1175-1184.
21. Jenabadi, H., & Zamani, N. (2015). Defense mechanisms and styles in the families of individuals addicted to cigarette, alcohol, sedative-hypnotic drugs and addictive drugs use and disuse. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction, 9(35), 56-67.
22. Khanna, S., & Greeson, J. M. (2013). A narrative review of yoga and mindfulness as complementary therapies for addiction. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 21(3), 244-252.
23. Leasure, J. L., & Neighbors, C. (2014). Impulsivity moderates the association between physical activity and alcohol consumption. Alcohol, 48(4), 361-366.
24. Maredpour A., Najafy M., Amiri F. (2015). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention on the prevention of relapse, craving and self-control in opiate-dependent individuals. Journal of Research on Addiction, 8(32): 87-104. (In Persian).
25. Mohammadi, M. (2006). Investigating the factors affecting resilience in subjects at risk of substance abuse. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran. (In Persian).
26. Nejati V., Zabihzadeh A., Nikfarjam M. R. (2012). The relationship of mindfulness with sustained and selective attentional performance. Journal of Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 31-42. (In Persian).
27. Rabani Bavejdan, M., Rabani Bavejdan, M., Nik Azin, A., Kaveiani N., & Khezri Moghadam, A. (2013). The relationship between self-efficacy and metacognitive strategies in men abuse provision to remove the material. Journal of Applied Psychology, 23(15), 115-112. (In Persian).
28. Segal, Z. V., Williams, M., & Teasdale, J. D. (2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. Guilford Publications.:
29. Sheikhi, S. (2015). Role of moral intelligence, self-efficacy and resilience in students' addiction. (Unpublished masterʼs thesis). Azerbaijan University. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences.98-114. (In Persian).
30. Sherer, M., Maddux, J(1982). The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51, 663-671
31. Shirsavar, M. H., Amirtash, A. M., Jalali, S., Koshan, M., Keyvanlo, S. A. (2013).Comparing the effectiveness of rehabilitation methods with and without exercise on quality of life and self-steam addicts. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 20(3), 292-301. (In Persian).
32. Smith, M. A., & Lynch, W. J. (2012). Exercise as a potential treatment for drug abuse: evidence from preclinical studies. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2, 82-90.
33. Suti, E. (2006). Mindfulness in addiction treatment. Paper presented at the UCLA Substance Abuse Service, Western Conference on Addictions, Newport Beach, California
34. Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S., Douglas, H., & Hsu, S. H. (2013). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addictive behaviors, 38(2), 1563-1571.
35. Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A., & Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(3), 211-228
36. Wong, E. C., & Longshore, D. (2008). Ethnic identity, spirituality, and self-efficacy influences on treatment outcomes among Hispanic American methadone maintenance clients. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 7(3), 328-340.