Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Effect of Audio-Visual Information on Gaze Behavior in Individuals with Trait Anxiety: Investigating the Role of Multisensory Perception The Effect of Audio-Visual Information on Gaze Behavior in Individuals with Trait Anxiety: Investigating the Role of Multisensory Perception 1 18 2249 10.22089/spsyj.2020.9512.2048 FA Maryam Khalaji Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8957-5905 Mahin Aghdaei Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Alireza Farsi shahid beheshti university 0000-0002-2086-6632 Alessandro Piras Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna University, Italy Journal Article 2020 10 07 The effect of anxiety on sports performance has always been one of the important research issues in the field of sports psychology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of audio-visual information on the gaze behavior of individuals with trait anxiety in the recognizing of the badminton shot. Participants were 40 novices with trait anxiety who were randomly divided into unisensory and multisensory perception groups. The unisensory group just observed video clips and recognize shot direction when the racket-ball contact and the multisensory group used audio-visual information simultaneously. Both groups performed 200 trials. Pre-test and post-test were taken as a unisensory in both groups. The results showed that the multisensory group obtained the optimal gaze behavior (low number of fixations and longer fixation duration). Using sound to highlight important cues is probably a way to improve the pattern of gaze behavior in beginners with trait anxiety. The effect of anxiety on sports performance has always been one of the important research issues in the field of sports psychology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of audio-visual information on the gaze behavior of individuals with trait anxiety in the recognizing of the badminton shot. Participants were 40 novices with trait anxiety who were randomly divided into unisensory and multisensory perception groups. The unisensory group just observed video clips and recognize shot direction when the racket-ball contact and the multisensory group used audio-visual information simultaneously. Both groups performed 200 trials. Pre-test and post-test were taken as a unisensory in both groups. The results showed that the multisensory group obtained the optimal gaze behavior (low number of fixations and longer fixation duration). Using sound to highlight important cues is probably a way to improve the pattern of gaze behavior in beginners with trait anxiety.

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2249_243facb29564e7b448834a7c9d901201.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 Psychological and Social Factors Influencing the Development of Sports for Athletes with Disabilities in Tajikistan Psychological and Social Factors Influencing the Development of Sports for Athletes with Disabilities in Tajikistan 19 36 2279 10.22089/spsyj.2021.9547.2054 FA Ali Alizadeh Ph.D Student in Sport Management, Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikestan Zynalabedin Cobuliev Professor in Management and Technology, Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikestan Journal Article 2020 10 11 The present study identifies the psychological and social factors influencing the development of sports for athletes with disabilities in Tajikistan. The present study employed the correlation method and structural equation modeling. Three hundred athletes with disabilities were selected using convenience sampling, and each one completed a researcher-made questionnaire. With 56 questions in the psychological and social fields, this questionnaire was designed based on theoretical foundations, interviews with athletes with disabilities, and experts, and five academic experts confirmed its face-content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis identified ten factors: media, family, social support, social interaction, respect, motivation, joy and happiness, fear, self-confidence, and self-efficacy; confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL confirmed these factors. This study showed that social factors, including respect, social support, media, family, and social interaction, are the most critical barriers to the development of sports for athletes with disabilities, respectively. The psychological factors of participation motivation, self-esteem, fear, self-efficacy, pleasure, and vitality, respectively, were also found to be most critical The present study identifies the psychological and social factors influencing the development of sports for athletes with disabilities in Tajikistan. The present study employed the correlation method and structural equation modeling. Three hundred athletes with disabilities were selected using convenience sampling, and each one completed a researcher-made questionnaire. With 56 questions in the psychological and social fields, this questionnaire was designed based on theoretical foundations, interviews with athletes with disabilities, and experts, and five academic experts confirmed its face-content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis identified ten factors: media, family, social support, social interaction, respect, motivation, joy and happiness, fear, self-confidence, and self-efficacy; confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL confirmed these factors. This study showed that social factors, including respect, social support, media, family, and social interaction, are the most critical barriers to the development of sports for athletes with disabilities, respectively. The psychological factors of participation motivation, self-esteem, fear, self-efficacy, pleasure, and vitality, respectively, were also found to be most critical

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2279_96671501524948bc3937b4b30d0e57b9.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 Effect of Practicing under High Psychological Pressure on the Performance and Learning of the Basketball Jump Shot: A Test on the Practice Specificity Hypothesis Effect of Practicing under High Psychological Pressure on the Performance and Learning of the Basketball Jump Shot: A Test on the Practice Specificity Hypothesis 37 50 1925 10.22089/spsyj.2019.7694.1834 FA Sima Mokari Saei Phd Student, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Iran Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini Member of the Faculty of Physical Education, University of Urmia Malek Ahmadi Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch 0000-0003-3118-8491 Journal Article 2019 07 20 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of practicing under high psychological pressure on performance in laboratory and competition conditions. Totally, 60 participants (mean age=21.4±2.6) were selected using available sampling method and divided into two high and low psychological pressure groups. The basketball jump shot was used as the target task in the current study. Participants practiced the task for 10 sessions. The retention and transfer (performance in a real match) tests were conducted 48 hours after the last session of practice. The throwing accuracy of participants was assessed by AAHPERD test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between groups in retention test. However, in the transfer test, the high psychological pressure group had higher accuracy than the low one. These results interpreted the practice specificity hypothesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of practicing under high psychological pressure on performance in laboratory and competition conditions. Totally, 60 participants (mean age=21.4±2.6) were selected using available sampling method and divided into two high and low psychological pressure groups. The basketball jump shot was used as the target task in the current study. Participants practiced the task for 10 sessions. The retention and transfer (performance in a real match) tests were conducted 48 hours after the last session of practice. The throwing accuracy of participants was assessed by AAHPERD test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between groups in retention test. However, in the transfer test, the high psychological pressure group had higher accuracy than the low one. These results interpreted the practice specificity hypothesis.

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1925_0950ca92a4dcf426067cfd2246bb5ff3.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 How are Academic and Physical Self-Concept in Student Female Athlete and Non-Athlete? How are Academic and Physical Self-Concept in Student Female Athlete and Non-Athlete? 51 80 1990 10.22089/spsyj.2020.8139.1886 FA Minoo Dokht Malekian Motor Behavior Ph.D. student, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad VaezMousavi Professor of Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2606-0816 Abdollah Ghasemi Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7113-6894 Ali Kashi Department of Behavioral Sciences in Sport, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2019 11 23 The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the relationship between physical and academic self-concept among athlete and non-athlete female students. Physical activity and family socioeconomic status are considered as the variables of study. A number of 1063 athlete and non-athlete students, aged from 13 to 16, were randomly selected from different regions of Tehran. Data was gathered by Short-Form of Physical Self- Description Questionnaire (SFPSDQ) (Marsh et al, 2010), Academic Self-concept Scale (Delavar, 1998), and Social-Economic-Status information form. The results of univariate analysis showed that athlete females’ physical and academic self-concept are significantly higher than non-athlete females. Also, univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis reveals that physical activity significantly predicts female' physical self-concept and academic self-concept. Based on findings of the study, adolescent females' physical self-concept is correlated with physical activity and socioeconomic status of their families. In addition, a positive relationship between physical self-concept and mother's level of education is found. The study also displayed that academic self-concept is related to physical activity and high level of mother's education. According to the results, it can be concluded that physical self-concept and academic self-concept are related to physical activity and mother's level of education; and participation in physical activity improves physical and academic self-concept. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the level of students’ participation in physical activity to enhance physical and academic self-concept. The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the relationship between physical and academic self-concept among athlete and non-athlete female students. Physical activity and family socioeconomic status are considered as the variables of study. A number of 1063 athlete and non-athlete students, aged from 13 to 16, were randomly selected from different regions of Tehran. Data was gathered by Short-Form of Physical Self- Description Questionnaire (SFPSDQ) (Marsh et al, 2010), Academic Self-concept Scale (Delavar, 1998), and Social-Economic-Status information form. The results of univariate analysis showed that athlete females’ physical and academic self-concept are significantly higher than non-athlete females. Also, univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis reveals that physical activity significantly predicts female' physical self-concept and academic self-concept. Based on findings of the study, adolescent females' physical self-concept is correlated with physical activity and socioeconomic status of their families. In addition, a positive relationship between physical self-concept and mother's level of education is found. The study also displayed that academic self-concept is related to physical activity and high level of mother's education. According to the results, it can be concluded that physical self-concept and academic self-concept are related to physical activity and mother's level of education; and participation in physical activity improves physical and academic self-concept. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the level of students’ participation in physical activity to enhance physical and academic self-concept.

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1990_dc513ea4fbdaa7a14786ffdebc4ef64e.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Impact of Social Marketing Mixed Dimensions on Preventing Aggressive Behaviors in Football Spectators The Impact of Social Marketing Mixed Dimensions on Preventing Aggressive Behaviors in Football Spectators 81 98 2090 10.22089/spsyj.2020.8086.1878 FA Sirous Ahmadi Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Hamedan Unit, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran Ali Khojasteh PhD student of Department of Physical Education, Hamedan Unit, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran Sohela Enanloo PhD student of Department of Physical Education, Hamedan Unit, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran Reza Mortazi 4student of Department of Physical Education, Hamedan Unit, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran Journal Article 2019 12 12 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social marketing mix dimensions on prevention of aggressive behaviors among soccer sports spectators. The present study is descriptive and correlational. The methodology of this research is based on the purpose of the applied and field-oriented type. The statistical population of this study is all the Persepolis audience, whose exact number is not specified, and the criterion for determining the spectator was the presence at Tehran's Azadi Stadium when playing the team. According to the Morgan table, the maximum number of statistical samples (384 people) was selected. The method of sampling was random. Two tools were used to collect data in this study. Hasting and Saren social marketing questionnaire (2003) and the strategy of the theory of planned behavior of Ajzen (1991). Validity of tools was measured in three ways: Apparent validity (Writing issues), content validity (و and construct validity (convergent and divergent validity), and their reliability after the preliminary study Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and confirmed (α = 0.79). In order to determine the normal distribution of the data from the inclination and elongation indices and to determine the relationship between variables, structural equations were used. SPSS software version 24 and AMOS version 22 were used to perform these tests. The results showed that social marketing mix dimensions have a significant effect on prevention of aggressive behaviors in soccer sports spectators. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social marketing mix dimensions on prevention of aggressive behaviors among soccer sports spectators. The present study is descriptive and correlational. The methodology of this research is based on the purpose of the applied and field-oriented type. The statistical population of this study is all the Persepolis audience, whose exact number is not specified, and the criterion for determining the spectator was the presence at Tehran's Azadi Stadium when playing the team. According to the Morgan table, the maximum number of statistical samples (384 people) was selected. The method of sampling was random. Two tools were used to collect data in this study. Hasting and Saren social marketing questionnaire (2003) and the strategy of the theory of planned behavior of Ajzen (1991). Validity of tools was measured in three ways: Apparent validity (Writing issues), content validity (و and construct validity (convergent and divergent validity), and their reliability after the preliminary study Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and confirmed (α = 0.79). In order to determine the normal distribution of the data from the inclination and elongation indices and to determine the relationship between variables, structural equations were used. SPSS software version 24 and AMOS version 22 were used to perform these tests. The results showed that social marketing mix dimensions have a significant effect on prevention of aggressive behaviors in soccer sports spectators.

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2090_26f5bd4aa64fdadf96152ca6e6408068.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 Psychological Profile of Players of Iranian Premier League in Psychological and Coping Skills Psychological Profile of Players of Iranian Premier League in Psychological and Coping Skills 99 116 2204 10.22089/spsyj.2020.8204.1894 FA Mahdi Shahrzad Secretary of mental skills and sport psycology departman of ifmarc Zahra Pooraghaei Ardakani Allameh Tabataba&rsquo;i University 0000-0001-8633-4017 Naser Sobhi Garamaleki Alame Tabatabayi 0000-0003-2254-5282 Journal Article 2019 12 15 In this study, we investigated the psychological profile of Premier League players in psychological and coping skills. The statistical population of the study consisted of 16 teams in the Iranian Premier League in the 98-97 season. To achieve this goal, 165 athletes (M = 25.30, SD = 11.45) were selected from Morgan table. This study is descriptive and its cross-sectional design was done by questionnaire. The Mental Health Skills Questionnaire was used to describe mental skills and the Coping Skills Questionnaire was used to describe coping skills. The results of data analysis from descriptive statistics such as frequency calculation, percentage, mean, standard deviation as well as tables and graphs showed that Premier League players have high psychological skills but their coping skills are moderate; this can be due to economic problems, family problems and other problems. Impact on athlete's psychological skills. Therefore, it is suggested that more specialized and psychological measures be taken for the success of sports teams to strengthen and improve their psychological skills. In this study, we investigated the psychological profile of Premier League players in psychological and coping skills. The statistical population of the study consisted of 16 teams in the Iranian Premier League in the 98-97 season. To achieve this goal, 165 athletes (M = 25.30, SD = 11.45) were selected from Morgan table. This study is descriptive and its cross-sectional design was done by questionnaire. The Mental Health Skills Questionnaire was used to describe mental skills and the Coping Skills Questionnaire was used to describe coping skills. The results of data analysis from descriptive statistics such as frequency calculation, percentage, mean, standard deviation as well as tables and graphs showed that Premier League players have high psychological skills but their coping skills are moderate; this can be due to economic problems, family problems and other problems. Impact on athlete's psychological skills. Therefore, it is suggested that more specialized and psychological measures be taken for the success of sports teams to strengthen and improve their psychological skills.

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2204_4b4edc2630fe75800ddc29a7b4070add.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Ideal Body Image and Perceived Body Image in Different Age Groups of Women: The Role of Body Image Flexibility The Ideal Body Image and Perceived Body Image in Different Age Groups of Women: The Role of Body Image Flexibility 117 142 2032 10.22089/spsyj.2020.8355.1910 FA Bita Arabnarmi Assistant Professor, School of Humanities, Department of Sport Science, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran 0000-0002-2618-6013 Hesam Ramezanzade Assisstant Professor, Department of Sport Science, School of Humanities, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. 0000-0002-7643-8899 Journal Article 2020 01 17 The purpose of this study was to assess the ideal and perceived body image in different age groups of women by considering body image flexibility. 345 women in Khorasan, Semnan and Alborz provinces participated in this research. Ideal body image and perceived body image were measured using a silhouette of body figures representing in 10 categories. Actual body was measured through body mass index (BMI). Also, body image flexibility was measured by Sandoz et al (2013) questionnaire. Results showed that the choice women’s ideal body is far from the reality and their current condition. In perception of their own body, more intense in selecting the ideal body, women do not function properly. Also age and weight has partially affected the choice of the ideal profile. Almost all women chose a slimmer profile than their perceived body as an ideal body. In all three variables, "actual body", "perceived body" and "ideal body", there were significant differences between younger and older ages. Body image flexibility is a significant predictor of the ideal body image, and women with more flexible body image choose a closer body image to reality. Create positive flexibility of body image and a realistic choice of the ideal body helps women of different age groups to choose their appropriate exercise approaches The purpose of this study was to assess the ideal and perceived body image in different age groups of women by considering body image flexibility. 345 women in Khorasan, Semnan and Alborz provinces participated in this research. Ideal body image and perceived body image were measured using a silhouette of body figures representing in 10 categories. Actual body was measured through body mass index (BMI). Also, body image flexibility was measured by Sandoz et al (2013) questionnaire. Results showed that the choice women’s ideal body is far from the reality and their current condition. In perception of their own body, more intense in selecting the ideal body, women do not function properly. Also age and weight has partially affected the choice of the ideal profile. Almost all women chose a slimmer profile than their perceived body as an ideal body. In all three variables, "actual body", "perceived body" and "ideal body", there were significant differences between younger and older ages. Body image flexibility is a significant predictor of the ideal body image, and women with more flexible body image choose a closer body image to reality. Create positive flexibility of body image and a realistic choice of the ideal body helps women of different age groups to choose their appropriate exercise approaches

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2032_5352696a9ca3397beb79f116f3a33991.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Competitive Anxiety and Mental Toughness in Wrestler Adolescents The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Competitive Anxiety and Mental Toughness in Wrestler Adolescents 143 166 2109 10.22089/spsyj.2020.8434.1916 FA Saeed Ariapooran Malayer University, Hamadan, Iran 0000-0003-3761-4068 Amirhosein Godarzi Islamic Azad University of Bushehr Journal Article 2020 02 03 Psychological problems such as anxiety and mental toughness can cause many issues for the athlete’s performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on competitive anxiety and mental toughness in wrestler adolescents. The research method was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest with the control group). In this research, 36 Wrestler Adolescents with High competitive anxiety who had low mental toughness scores in Malayer, Iran were randomly assigned in the experimental and control groups. Competitive Anxiety Scale and Mental Toughness Questionnaire were used for collecting the data in pre-test and post-test. MBSR training in 8 sessions was trained for the experimental group. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used for analyzing the data. Results indicated that MBSR had been meaningfully affected on decreasing the competitive anxiety and increasing the self-confidence and mental toughness in wrestler adolescents. According to results, using MBSR is recommended for reducing the competitive anxiety and increasing the self-confidence and mental toughness in wrestler adolescents Psychological problems such as anxiety and mental toughness can cause many issues for the athlete’s performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on competitive anxiety and mental toughness in wrestler adolescents. The research method was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest with the control group). In this research, 36 Wrestler Adolescents with High competitive anxiety who had low mental toughness scores in Malayer, Iran were randomly assigned in the experimental and control groups. Competitive Anxiety Scale and Mental Toughness Questionnaire were used for collecting the data in pre-test and post-test. MBSR training in 8 sessions was trained for the experimental group. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used for analyzing the data. Results indicated that MBSR had been meaningfully affected on decreasing the competitive anxiety and increasing the self-confidence and mental toughness in wrestler adolescents. According to results, using MBSR is recommended for reducing the competitive anxiety and increasing the self-confidence and mental toughness in wrestler adolescents

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2109_05546b0e38ab9175cd905eebcc6ebb76.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) on Mental Fatigue and performance of Basketball Player The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) on Mental Fatigue and performance of Basketball Player 167 186 2009 10.22089/spsyj.2020.8453.1917 FA Alireza Bahrami Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran 0000-0001-9360-9373 Jalil Moradi Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran 0000-0001-9360-9373 Zahra Etaati M.A of Sport psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 02 06 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on mental fatigue and performance of basketball players. For this purpose, 18 male basketball players were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 9 persons. Participants were first tested for fatigue using the Self-Evaluation of Mental Fatigue Scale, and after being tired with the Stroop software and the mathematical test, fatigue and performance (AAHPERD three-point shot) pre-tests were performed. Experimental subjects were then exposed to tDCS and sham state operated for control group participants. Post-test was performed after intervention. Results of independent and paired t-tests showed that one tDCS session had a positive and significant effect on basketball performance but had no significant effect on mental fatigue compared to control group. The results suggest that a tDCS session can be used to improve performance The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on mental fatigue and performance of basketball players. For this purpose, 18 male basketball players were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 9 persons. Participants were first tested for fatigue using the Self-Evaluation of Mental Fatigue Scale, and after being tired with the Stroop software and the mathematical test, fatigue and performance (AAHPERD three-point shot) pre-tests were performed. Experimental subjects were then exposed to tDCS and sham state operated for control group participants. Post-test was performed after intervention. Results of independent and paired t-tests showed that one tDCS session had a positive and significant effect on basketball performance but had no significant effect on mental fatigue compared to control group. The results suggest that a tDCS session can be used to improve performance

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2009_f1981e4bd8a0d6d8462016d2fc6276b3.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 Identify Children's Play Club Indices with Sport Psychology Approach Identify Children's Play Club Indices with Sport Psychology Approach 187 214 2143 10.22089/spsyj.2020.8947.1971 FA Nafiseh Golshirazi Sports Management, Physical Education, Islamic Azad, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran 0000-0001-9809-6167 Marjan Saffari Assistant professor at Tarbiat Modares University 0000-0002-0257-7896 Mehdi Namazizadeh Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1503-468x Mohamad Ali Nadi Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 02 By the play, athletes' thoughts and ideas can be developed from childhood and help them to progress physically, mentally, emotionally and socially in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify the indicators of child play club with play and maturity approach. In order to identify, analyze and report patterns in the data that play a key role in the activities of the child club, a qualitative method and thematic analysis strategy were used. To them analysis and achieving valuable indicators, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 experts in this field.The findings suggested that six themes, including the development of operational programs with a balanced growth approach, physical activity, maturity measurement, developmental assessment, painting analysis, and qualified and expert trainers, could be used as psychological indicators to create the desired situation. Consider covering the balance of soul and body. In general, the obtained indicators show that creating a good children's club, by employing qualified educators, can increase children's cognitive activities and minimize children's psychological changes and play an effective role in promoting a healthy lifestyle for children By the play, athletes' thoughts and ideas can be developed from childhood and help them to progress physically, mentally, emotionally and socially in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify the indicators of child play club with play and maturity approach. In order to identify, analyze and report patterns in the data that play a key role in the activities of the child club, a qualitative method and thematic analysis strategy were used. To them analysis and achieving valuable indicators, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 experts in this field.The findings suggested that six themes, including the development of operational programs with a balanced growth approach, physical activity, maturity measurement, developmental assessment, painting analysis, and qualified and expert trainers, could be used as psychological indicators to create the desired situation. Consider covering the balance of soul and body. In general, the obtained indicators show that creating a good children's club, by employing qualified educators, can increase children's cognitive activities and minimize children's psychological changes and play an effective role in promoting a healthy lifestyle for children

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2143_9f44e956e3a2b7b5598c625fcc802c36.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Effect of Declarative and Interrogative Self-Talk on Perceived Exertion, Motivation and Anaerobic Power The Effect of Declarative and Interrogative Self-Talk on Perceived Exertion, Motivation and Anaerobic Power 215 234 2129 10.22089/spsyj.2020.9135.1989 FA Behrouz Abdoli Associate Professor, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6772-2428 Nastaran Naderirad PhD Student of Motor Behavior, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Science in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 22 The current study aims to investigate and compare the effects of declarative and interrogative self-talk on perceived exertion, motivation and anaerobic power performance. In order to carry this study out, 15 female students participated in a within-subject design including control, declarative self-talk and interrogative self-talk phases. So as to measure anaerobic power, participants performed vertical jump in all three phases and after each phase, they completed the self-talk manipulation check, the perceived exertion, and the motivation form. Through applying one-way repeated measures ANOVA, the superiority of anaerobic power performance and motivation in declarative and interrogative self-talk phases compared to the control phase was revealed. In general, these findings support the advantage of declarative and interrogative self-talk in sport performance which is consistent with the theoretical foundations of self-talk about the usefulness of self-talk on motor performance and motivation The current study aims to investigate and compare the effects of declarative and interrogative self-talk on perceived exertion, motivation and anaerobic power performance. In order to carry this study out, 15 female students participated in a within-subject design including control, declarative self-talk and interrogative self-talk phases. So as to measure anaerobic power, participants performed vertical jump in all three phases and after each phase, they completed the self-talk manipulation check, the perceived exertion, and the motivation form. Through applying one-way repeated measures ANOVA, the superiority of anaerobic power performance and motivation in declarative and interrogative self-talk phases compared to the control phase was revealed. In general, these findings support the advantage of declarative and interrogative self-talk in sport performance which is consistent with the theoretical foundations of self-talk about the usefulness of self-talk on motor performance and motivation

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2129_cd4bb35c75ba84b4f39e547b1416fd35.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 Two-Factor Questionnaire of Phobia of Swimming: Design, Construct, and Psychometry Two-Factor Questionnaire of Phobia of Swimming: Design, Construct, and Psychometry 235 258 2406 10.22089/spsyj.2020.9343.2021 FA Sepide Sardari Hakim sabzevari Mohammadreza Shahabi Kaseb 0000-0001-5985-8886 Rasool Zeidabadi Faculty of physical Education and sport science, Hakim Sabzevari University 0000-0001-9132-2475 Journal Article 2020 08 21 This study aimed to design, construct, and psychometry the Phobia two-factor questionnaire of swimming. The present study was correlational and the statistical population included people aged nine and over of both sexes. The initial questionnaire was prepared with 35 questions and four questions were omitted based on content validity criteria and question analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 31-item questionnaire has good and acceptable fitness indicators. The Cronbach's alpha value of the whole questionnaire was calculated to be 0.92. Therefore, swimming coaches and experts can use this native questionnaire as a suitable tool to measure people's Phobia of swimming. This study aimed to design, construct, and psychometry the Phobia two-factor questionnaire of swimming. The present study was correlational and the statistical population included people aged nine and over of both sexes. The initial questionnaire was prepared with 35 questions and four questions were omitted based on content validity criteria and question analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 31-item questionnaire has good and acceptable fitness indicators. The Cronbach's alpha value of the whole questionnaire was calculated to be 0.92. Therefore, swimming coaches and experts can use this native questionnaire as a suitable tool to measure people's Phobia of swimming.

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2406_de7092ba6df4276921d27a3704c57998.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Effect of Positive and Negative Emotions on Decision Making of Football Players The Effect of Positive and Negative Emotions on Decision Making of Football Players 259 280 2226 10.22089/spsyj.2020.9267.2009 FA Zeinab Shams student Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni Associate Prof. University of Tehran 0000-0002-0875-3993 Akbar Bohloul Master student of learning and motor control, University of Tehran 0000-0002-7014-2229 Journal Article 2020 09 02 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of positive and negative emotions on the decision of football players. The statistical population of the present study consisted of male football players in Tehran, of which 45 people with 18 to 24 years of age and in three groups of positive, negative and neutral excitement were selected as available samples. The decision-making task included images of football simulation situations. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference between groups in the speed (F (2, 42) = 18.16, P<0.001) and accuracy (F (2, 42) = 12.53, P<0.001) of decision making and the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed that the group of positive and neutral emotions was significantly faster than the group of negative emotions and they had better decision-making accuracy. In addition, the positive emotion group had better decision-making accuracy than the neutral emotion group. Therefore, football coaches are advised to do exercises that require quick and accurate decisions, along with routine technical and tactical exercises, by creating positive emotional conditions The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of positive and negative emotions on the decision of football players. The statistical population of the present study consisted of male football players in Tehran, of which 45 people with 18 to 24 years of age and in three groups of positive, negative and neutral excitement were selected as available samples. The decision-making task included images of football simulation situations. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference between groups in the speed (F (2, 42) = 18.16, P<0.001) and accuracy (F (2, 42) = 12.53, P<0.001) of decision making and the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed that the group of positive and neutral emotions was significantly faster than the group of negative emotions and they had better decision-making accuracy. In addition, the positive emotion group had better decision-making accuracy than the neutral emotion group. Therefore, football coaches are advised to do exercises that require quick and accurate decisions, along with routine technical and tactical exercises, by creating positive emotional conditions

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2226_01eee509ee2f68dc6014898c309e86bf.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 The Effect of aerobic exercise on Visual Memory Capacity sight sedentary Students according to the Cognitive Styles The Effect of aerobic exercise on Visual Memory Capacity sight sedentary Students according to the Cognitive Styles 281 296 2405 10.22089/spsyj.2019.6947.1747 FA Mahta Eskandarnejad tabriz university 0000-0002-2136-0465 Fariba Mollaei Zangi tabriz university Zahra Fathirezaie tabriz university 0009-0006-1274-958X Journal Article 2019 01 12 This research aims at studying the effect of aerobic sport on capacity of visual memory among sedentary students regards the role of cognitive styles. The sample of this research is 24 ones 20-30 years old female students at University of Tabriz that do not have any record of experience or activity in aerobic sport and put in three groups. Group Embedded Figures and Corsi Block Test were used for gathering information. Aerobic sport training was conducted for 16 sessions in all three groups. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical t-test and one-way ANOVA and repeated measure. The results of this research showed that sport activity increased visual memory capacity. But as regards the observed results, no difference was seen in visual work memory in cognitive styles. These results show participants in sport activities can improve cognitive functions like as working memory This research aims at studying the effect of aerobic sport on capacity of visual memory among sedentary students regards the role of cognitive styles. The sample of this research is 24 ones 20-30 years old female students at University of Tabriz that do not have any record of experience or activity in aerobic sport and put in three groups. Group Embedded Figures and Corsi Block Test were used for gathering information. Aerobic sport training was conducted for 16 sessions in all three groups. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical t-test and one-way ANOVA and repeated measure. The results of this research showed that sport activity increased visual memory capacity. But as regards the observed results, no difference was seen in visual work memory in cognitive styles. These results show participants in sport activities can improve cognitive functions like as working memory

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_2405_b53477c2821c1bf0da5d40e57b870d35.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 10 35 2021 04 21 Effectiveness of Native-Local Games on Social Development and Mental Health Subscales in 12-14-year-Old Female Students Effectiveness of Native-Local Games on Social Development and Mental Health Subscales in 12-14-year-Old Female Students 297 316 1989 10.22089/spsyj.2020.7455.1796 FA Nazli Ilchizadeh Department of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohammadtaghi Aghdasi university of tabriz 0000-0001-8921-1856 Seyyed Hojjat Zamani University of Tabriz 0000-0001-7276-5289 Journal Article 2019 05 19 The present study aimed to investigate the effect of native-local games on the female students’ social and psychological development aspects. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and the control group. Two classes consisting of thirty-five students, aged 12-14 years, were selected via the purposive sampling method and then divided into two experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 17) groups. The native games team did their activities for 12 weeks, one and a half hour per a week. During this period, the control group subjects performed the usual school activities. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test. The results showed that in social development and most of its subscales, the native-local games group had a significant improvement over the usual school activities group. However, at the mental health scale, only in terms of the subscale of physical symptoms, there was a significant difference between the two groups. It can be concluded that native-local games can be an easy and indigenous way of improving some aspects of social development and sub-scales of mental health in students The present study aimed to investigate the effect of native-local games on the female students’ social and psychological development aspects. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and the control group. Two classes consisting of thirty-five students, aged 12-14 years, were selected via the purposive sampling method and then divided into two experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 17) groups. The native games team did their activities for 12 weeks, one and a half hour per a week. During this period, the control group subjects performed the usual school activities. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test. The results showed that in social development and most of its subscales, the native-local games group had a significant improvement over the usual school activities group. However, at the mental health scale, only in terms of the subscale of physical symptoms, there was a significant difference between the two groups. It can be concluded that native-local games can be an easy and indigenous way of improving some aspects of social development and sub-scales of mental health in students

https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_1989_4a3e00961a08879c34f91ca0070ea2f5.pdf