Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 The effect of participation in sport-based leisure activities on social empowerment and social development of school teachers The effect of participation in sport-based leisure activities on social empowerment and social development of school teachers 1 14 4432 10.22089/spsyj.2020.9600.2060 FA Eskandar Taheri PhD Student in Sport Management, Islamic Azad University Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran Lila Jamshidain Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran Ahmad Torkfar Associate Professor of Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran Mehrzad Moghadasi Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2020 10 20 The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of participation in sports-based leisure activities on social empowerment and social development of school teachers. The method of the present study was descriptive-analytical and was a causal method based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all school teachers in Bushehr province, but an accurate and comprehensive number of them was not available. Therefore, based on the Cochran sample size formula, 384 people were identified as the research sample. After distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 321 questionnaires were analyzed. The sampling method in the present study was random clusters according to the geographical areas of Bushehr province. Data collection tools in the present study included three questionnaires of leisure status based on sports Karimian et al. (2013), social empowerment of Merle et al. (2011) and social development of Ellis and Itzman (1990). The statistical method used in the present study included the structural equation method. The results showed that participation in sports-based leisure activities has a significant effect on social empowerment of 0.498. The results showed that participation in sports-based leisure activities has a significant effect on social development of 0.527. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of participation in sports-based leisure activities on social empowerment and social development of school teachers. The method of the present study was descriptive-analytical and was a causal method based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all school teachers in Bushehr province, but an accurate and comprehensive number of them was not available. Therefore, based on the Cochran sample size formula, 384 people were identified as the research sample. After distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 321 questionnaires were analyzed. The sampling method in the present study was random clusters according to the geographical areas of Bushehr province. Data collection tools in the present study included three questionnaires of leisure status based on sports Karimian et al. (2013), social empowerment of Merle et al. (2011) and social development of Ellis and Itzman (1990). The statistical method used in the present study included the structural equation method. The results showed that participation in sports-based leisure activities has a significant effect on social empowerment of 0.498. The results showed that participation in sports-based leisure activities has a significant effect on social development of 0.527. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4432_da94cbeff56cfda50785df477941308b.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 Effect of the consequence memory training program on youth working memory performance: Mediating role of laterality Effect of the consequence memory training program on youth working memory performance: Mediating role of laterality 15 34 4433 10.22089/spsyj.2021.9849.2079 FA Mahbobeh Khangholi Islamic Azad University Mehdi NamaziZadeh Islamic Azad University 0000-0002-1503-468x Sadegh Nasri Associate professor at Shahid Rajee University Mohammad VaezMousavi Imam Housain University 0000-0002-2606-0816 Journal Article 2020 12 19 The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the consequence memory training program on youth working memory performance and to investigate the mediating role of laterality. The statistical sample of this study also includes 60 young women on the right and left hands that were selected based on entry and exit criteria and randomly divided into four groups. The tasks used in the present study included the alternative serial reaction time task, the Wechsler memory scale, third edition, and the Back-N working memory test. Subjects participated in pre-test, acquisition test, immediate retention test and 48 hours later in delayed retention test. Results showed that there are significant differences between the performances of working memory in the pre-test stage with each of the stages. Comparison of the groups in working memory performance showed that the subjects of the left-handed experimental groups had better working memory performance in all stages than the subjects of the other groups. The results of the present study showed that the left individuals had better performance in working memory, so it is suggested that trainers pay special attention to the issue of laterality for training and performance of motor skills. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the consequence memory training program on youth working memory performance and to investigate the mediating role of laterality. The statistical sample of this study also includes 60 young women on the right and left hands that were selected based on entry and exit criteria and randomly divided into four groups. The tasks used in the present study included the alternative serial reaction time task, the Wechsler memory scale, third edition, and the Back-N working memory test. Subjects participated in pre-test, acquisition test, immediate retention test and 48 hours later in delayed retention test. Results showed that there are significant differences between the performances of working memory in the pre-test stage with each of the stages. Comparison of the groups in working memory performance showed that the subjects of the left-handed experimental groups had better working memory performance in all stages than the subjects of the other groups. The results of the present study showed that the left individuals had better performance in working memory, so it is suggested that trainers pay special attention to the issue of laterality for training and performance of motor skills. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4433_60e1deb043af37db5ea4ce9ae8d2c9ea.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 The effect of monitoring and outcome pressure during decision making on the visual search behavior of football players The effect of monitoring and outcome pressure during decision making on the visual search behavior of football players 35 48 4434 10.22089/spsyj.2021.10188.2129 FA Akbar Bohloul motor behavior.Physical Education.university of Tehran. Tehran. Iran 0000-0002-7014-2229 MEHDI SHAHBAZI Professor, Movement Behavior and Sports Analysis, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-2148-4150 Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni Professor, Movement Behavior and Sports Analysis, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-0875-3993 Yousof Moghaddas Tabrizi Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4434-9082 Journal Article 2021 03 01 the aim of this study was to investigated The effect of monitoring and outcome pressure during decision making on the visual search behavior of football players. In this study, 18 soccer players employed in the Tehran youth premier league participated. The decision making task included images of soccer simulation conditions presented by the monitor in three conditions: neutral (no pressure), outcome pressure and monitoring pressure. The result of repeated measures analysis of variance test showed a significant difference in the number of fixation and during fixation in three conditions. In addition, the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed a significant increase in mean number of fixation and mean duration fixation in outcome and monitoring pressure compared to neutral pressure.Therefore, soccer coaches are suggested to help the players in training sessions by creating pressure conditions so that they can perform better in the competition conditions by experiencing these conditions during training. the aim of this study was to investigated The effect of monitoring and outcome pressure during decision making on the visual search behavior of football players. In this study, 18 soccer players employed in the Tehran youth premier league participated. The decision making task included images of soccer simulation conditions presented by the monitor in three conditions: neutral (no pressure), outcome pressure and monitoring pressure. The result of repeated measures analysis of variance test showed a significant difference in the number of fixation and during fixation in three conditions. In addition, the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed a significant increase in mean number of fixation and mean duration fixation in outcome and monitoring pressure compared to neutral pressure.Therefore, soccer coaches are suggested to help the players in training sessions by creating pressure conditions so that they can perform better in the competition conditions by experiencing these conditions during training. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4434_3c8a49145944fed2bbcaade178a426c4.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 The Effect of Instructional, Motivational and Self-selected Self-talk on Intrinsic Motivation and Accuracy of Elbow Joint Position Sense Test The Effect of Instructional, Motivational and Self-selected Self-talk on Intrinsic Motivation and Accuracy of Elbow Joint Position Sense Test 49 62 4435 10.22089/spsyj.2021.11185.2221 FA Nastaran Naderirad Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Behrouz Abdoli Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6772-2428 Alireza Farsi Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2086-6632 Hamidollah Hassanlouei Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 08 21 The present study was performed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of instructional, motivational, and self-selected self-talk on intrinsic motivation and accuracy of elbow joint position sense test. The study was conducted as a within-subject counterbalanced design with a semi-experimental method and an applied purpose. Fifteen female students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected as the study sample conveniently. Participants took part in a repeated measures design with four levels of control, instructional, motivational, and self-selected self-talk that 40 attempts of joint position sense performed in order to actively reproduce the 90º angle of the elbow joint using the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer during each level. After each level, participants completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and manipulation check form. Although the results showed an increased intrinsic motivation during the self-selected self-talk level compared to the other levels, but a decreased absolute error of the elbow joint position sense test in instructional, motivational, and self-selected self-talk levels was observed similarly. These findings support instructional and motivational self-talk as effective strategies for improving joint position sense, which are consistent with the model of the self-talk-performance relationship, the sport-specific model of self-talk, and the model of self-talk mechanisms that confirm the effectiveness of types of self-talk on performance. The present study was performed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of instructional, motivational, and self-selected self-talk on intrinsic motivation and accuracy of elbow joint position sense test. The study was conducted as a within-subject counterbalanced design with a semi-experimental method and an applied purpose. Fifteen female students of Shahid Beheshti University were selected as the study sample conveniently. Participants took part in a repeated measures design with four levels of control, instructional, motivational, and self-selected self-talk that 40 attempts of joint position sense performed in order to actively reproduce the 90º angle of the elbow joint using the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer during each level. After each level, participants completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and manipulation check form. Although the results showed an increased intrinsic motivation during the self-selected self-talk level compared to the other levels, but a decreased absolute error of the elbow joint position sense test in instructional, motivational, and self-selected self-talk levels was observed similarly. These findings support instructional and motivational self-talk as effective strategies for improving joint position sense, which are consistent with the model of the self-talk-performance relationship, the sport-specific model of self-talk, and the model of self-talk mechanisms that confirm the effectiveness of types of self-talk on performance. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4435_3bc3e78c17d35e74ecfae5e475d960d7.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 The impact of Attribution style and strategic thinking in the development of sports participation The impact of Attribution style and strategic thinking in the development of sports participation 63 78 4436 10.22089/spsyj.2023.14757.2396 FA Behnaz Moslehi Fard Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Jafar BarghiMoghaddam Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. 0000-0002-9410-776x Mohammad Rahim Najafzadeh Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Hamid Janani Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-9411-4134 Journal Article 2023 05 01 The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the impact of Attribution style and thinking strategy on the development of sports participation. The research method was exploratory. The present research was one of the practical researches that was conducted in the field. The statistical population included sports employees of sports and youth departments of East Azarbaijan province. These people included employees who regularly exercised. Due to the fact that the number of these people was unknown, Cochran's sample size method was used under conditions of unknown population size. Based on this method, 384 people were identified as samples. The instrument of this research was a standard questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present research, the method of structural equations was used. All research data analysis process was done in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the present research showed that Attribution style (0.541) and thinking strategy (0.454) have an effect on sports participation. In other words, Attribution style and thinking strategy can increase the level of people's sport participation while creating sustainable behaviors through their functions in attitudinal and intellectual issues. The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the impact of Attribution style and thinking strategy on the development of sports participation. The research method was exploratory. The present research was one of the practical researches that was conducted in the field. The statistical population included sports employees of sports and youth departments of East Azarbaijan province. These people included employees who regularly exercised. Due to the fact that the number of these people was unknown, Cochran's sample size method was used under conditions of unknown population size. Based on this method, 384 people were identified as samples. The instrument of this research was a standard questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present research, the method of structural equations was used. All research data analysis process was done in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the present research showed that Attribution style (0.541) and thinking strategy (0.454) have an effect on sports participation. In other words, Attribution style and thinking strategy can increase the level of people's sport participation while creating sustainable behaviors through their functions in attitudinal and intellectual issues. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4436_a1f0cf94512f963e5ed4edd9af70e2cc.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 Psychological characteristics and skills of professional karate women in the initiation, development and mastery stages. Psychological characteristics and skills of professional karate women in the initiation, development and mastery stages. 79 98 4438 10.22089/spsyj.2024.15623.2434 FA Maryam Davari shahid beheshti university 0000-0001-8834-0672 Mahin Aghdaei tehran. shahid beheshti university 0000-0002-5933-7201 Ebrahim (meysam) Moteshareie beheshti univeristy 0000-0003-1956-4108 Journal Article 2023 09 12 The purpose of this research is to determine the psychological characteristics and skills of the women of Iran's national karate team in the three stages of elite initiation, elite development, and elite mastery. The current research was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) type of study. In this research, information was collected through interviews, participation in the workshop, and the presentation of a checklist for prioritizing psychological skills, which was completed by interviewing athletes at the initiation stage of elite by their mothers and at the stage of elite development and mastery by the elite athletes themselves. became Thematic data analysis was used to analyze and interpret the data. Also, the sampling of this research continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage, in which 22 athletes of the women's national karate team participated, who were divided into three groups. These three groups included the first group of elite starting stage including 10 mothers and daughters, the second group of six athletes at the level of elite development, the third group of six elite athletes at the level of elite mastery. The results of the thematic analysis of the interviews related to the starting group indicate the achievement of the main theme of "creating a foundation of psychological characteristics". in the second group results of the interviews indicated achievement of main theme of " development of skills performance". The results of the analysis interviews related to the mastery group indicated the achievement of the theme of " improvement of psychological skills focused on performance". The purpose of this research is to determine the psychological characteristics and skills of the women of Iran's national karate team in the three stages of elite initiation, elite development, and elite mastery. The current research was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) type of study. In this research, information was collected through interviews, participation in the workshop, and the presentation of a checklist for prioritizing psychological skills, which was completed by interviewing athletes at the initiation stage of elite by their mothers and at the stage of elite development and mastery by the elite athletes themselves. became Thematic data analysis was used to analyze and interpret the data. Also, the sampling of this research continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage, in which 22 athletes of the women's national karate team participated, who were divided into three groups. These three groups included the first group of elite starting stage including 10 mothers and daughters, the second group of six athletes at the level of elite development, the third group of six elite athletes at the level of elite mastery. The results of the thematic analysis of the interviews related to the starting group indicate the achievement of the main theme of "creating a foundation of psychological characteristics". in the second group results of the interviews indicated achievement of main theme of " development of skills performance". The results of the analysis interviews related to the mastery group indicated the achievement of the theme of " improvement of psychological skills focused on performance". https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4438_b0a665a28efd91535abb111d656ecd04.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 Psychometrics of the Persian version of two metacognition belief and metacognition process questionnaires in sports Psychometrics of the Persian version of two metacognition belief and metacognition process questionnaires in sports 99 122 4437 10.22089/spsyj.2024.15106.2413 FA Fahimeh Sepehri PhD candidate in Motor Behavior, Departmentof Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Rokhsareh Badami Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-4507-0382 Zohreh Meshkati Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-7328-9357 Journal Article 2023 06 28 Objectives: It is very important to evaluate the processes and factors of self-regulation among athletes. This study was conducted with the aim of psychometrically analyzing the Persian version of two questionnaires, the Metacognitive Beliefs about Performances Questionnaire (MBPQ) and the Metacognitive Processes during Performances Questionnaire (MPPQ). <br />Methods & Materials: Both questionnaires were adapted to the Persian language and then completed online by 464 male and female Iranian athletes from various sports fields and with different levels of performance. <br />Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that both questionnaires had sound factor validity. Reliability and internal consistency tests showed that the reliability was sufficient for all subscales of both questionnaires. Bivariate correlations and correlations of hidden factors showed that between most variables except negative beliefs about the uncontrollability of competitive thinking, which had a negative relationship with the dimensions of competitive self-regulation; There are positive relationships. Finally, comparative analyses showed that there were significant differences between high and low competitive level athletes in metacognition, with higher-level athletes reporting more adaptive metacognitive regulation during competitions.<br />Conclusions: Based on the findings, the MBPQ can be used as a suitable tool to measure metacognitive beliefs about the performances and the MPPQ can be used as a suitable tool to measure metacognitive processes during performance. Objectives: It is very important to evaluate the processes and factors of self-regulation among athletes. This study was conducted with the aim of psychometrically analyzing the Persian version of two questionnaires, the Metacognitive Beliefs about Performances Questionnaire (MBPQ) and the Metacognitive Processes during Performances Questionnaire (MPPQ). <br />Methods & Materials: Both questionnaires were adapted to the Persian language and then completed online by 464 male and female Iranian athletes from various sports fields and with different levels of performance. <br />Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that both questionnaires had sound factor validity. Reliability and internal consistency tests showed that the reliability was sufficient for all subscales of both questionnaires. Bivariate correlations and correlations of hidden factors showed that between most variables except negative beliefs about the uncontrollability of competitive thinking, which had a negative relationship with the dimensions of competitive self-regulation; There are positive relationships. Finally, comparative analyses showed that there were significant differences between high and low competitive level athletes in metacognition, with higher-level athletes reporting more adaptive metacognitive regulation during competitions.<br />Conclusions: Based on the findings, the MBPQ can be used as a suitable tool to measure metacognitive beliefs about the performances and the MPPQ can be used as a suitable tool to measure metacognitive processes during performance. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4437_4bbbe6cb5982b9110413c40f3cce680b.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 The effect of mental fatigue on gaze behavior and decision-making in badminton over-head shot The effect of mental fatigue on gaze behavior and decision-making in badminton over-head shot 123 142 4439 10.22089/spsyj.2024.14554.2385 FA Faezeh Khoshdoni Farahani Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. Parvaneh Shamsipour Dehkordi Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-7750-5734 Maryam Khalaji Postdoc Researcher, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Motor Behaviour, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8957-5905 Journal Article 2023 04 11 Objective: Mental fatigue, which is defined as the result of performing a hard cognitive activity, can disrupt visual search, speed of movement, or tactical choices in sports, so the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mental fatigue on the pattern of gaze behavior and decision-making in the badminton overhead shot.<br />Methods: The current research is a semi-experimental type that was conducted in pre-test and post-test with the control group. For this purpose, 36 students (age: 20-35, gender: female) from Alzahra University were selected as the available sample. The participants were randomly divided into the mental fatigue and control groups. In the pre-test, a 20-test video of badminton overhead shots was shown, interrupted at the moment of the racket-ball contact. Participants decided the direction of the shot while wearing an eye-tracking device. 48 hours after the pre-test phase, the participants filled out the visual analog scale questionnaire to measure mental fatigue before and after the Stroop test for 60 minutes. The control group did their daily routine, then the post-test was performed according to the pre-test steps.<br />Results: The results showed that mental fatigue led to an increase in the number of fixations and a decrease in fixation duration, and the decision-making accuracy decreased and its time increased. <br />Conclusions: The results show that mental fatigue disturbs the accuracy and speed of decision-making in badminton. These disturbances are probably related to changes in visual search behavior. Objective: Mental fatigue, which is defined as the result of performing a hard cognitive activity, can disrupt visual search, speed of movement, or tactical choices in sports, so the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mental fatigue on the pattern of gaze behavior and decision-making in the badminton overhead shot.<br />Methods: The current research is a semi-experimental type that was conducted in pre-test and post-test with the control group. For this purpose, 36 students (age: 20-35, gender: female) from Alzahra University were selected as the available sample. The participants were randomly divided into the mental fatigue and control groups. In the pre-test, a 20-test video of badminton overhead shots was shown, interrupted at the moment of the racket-ball contact. Participants decided the direction of the shot while wearing an eye-tracking device. 48 hours after the pre-test phase, the participants filled out the visual analog scale questionnaire to measure mental fatigue before and after the Stroop test for 60 minutes. The control group did their daily routine, then the post-test was performed according to the pre-test steps.<br />Results: The results showed that mental fatigue led to an increase in the number of fixations and a decrease in fixation duration, and the decision-making accuracy decreased and its time increased. <br />Conclusions: The results show that mental fatigue disturbs the accuracy and speed of decision-making in badminton. These disturbances are probably related to changes in visual search behavior. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4439_7c5845cea683556d813ebd657e8cca01.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 The Effect of Moral Disengagement Mechanisms on the Tendency to Doping with the mediating role of Social Desirability The Effect of Moral Disengagement Mechanisms on the Tendency to Doping with the mediating role of Social Desirability 143 154 4440 10.22089/spsyj.2024.15182.2414 FA Kobra Ranjbaran Department of Sport Science, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran Hamidreza Safari Jafarloo Jahrom University 0000-0001-7923-3058 Mohammad Sadegh Afroozeh Jahrom university 0000-0001-5648-812X Journal Article 2023 06 26 Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Moral Disengagement Mechanisms on tendency to doping with the mediating role of Social Desirability in professional athletes. <br />Methods & Materials: The present study was descriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose that information was collected in the field. The statistical population of the study included all professional athletes in Shiraz city. Due to the high volume of the statistical population and Morgan table, 384 professional athletes in various sports were considered and the Convenience Sampling method was used. Data for the present study were collected through three questionnaires including Moral Disengagement Mechanisms questionnaire by Ring et al (2018) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.98, questionnaire of Social Desirability by Stober (2001) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.97, and questionnaire of Tendency to Doping by Petrozi (2007) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. Structural equation models in PLS3 software were used to analyze the data. <br />Results: The results showed that the moral disengagement mechanisms have a direct and significant effect on the two variables of social desirability and tendency to doping. Also, these mechanisms can indirectly affect the tendency to doping in professional athletes mediating by social desirability. <br />Conclusion: Therefore, whatever moral disengagement prevails in athletes; with manners such as irresponsibility, justifying and believing in the acquisition of external values (such as cups and medals, instead of promotion and personal growth in sports); social desirability among athletes would be increased which in turn increases tendency to doping. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Moral Disengagement Mechanisms on tendency to doping with the mediating role of Social Desirability in professional athletes. <br />Methods & Materials: The present study was descriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose that information was collected in the field. The statistical population of the study included all professional athletes in Shiraz city. Due to the high volume of the statistical population and Morgan table, 384 professional athletes in various sports were considered and the Convenience Sampling method was used. Data for the present study were collected through three questionnaires including Moral Disengagement Mechanisms questionnaire by Ring et al (2018) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.98, questionnaire of Social Desirability by Stober (2001) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.97, and questionnaire of Tendency to Doping by Petrozi (2007) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. Structural equation models in PLS3 software were used to analyze the data. <br />Results: The results showed that the moral disengagement mechanisms have a direct and significant effect on the two variables of social desirability and tendency to doping. Also, these mechanisms can indirectly affect the tendency to doping in professional athletes mediating by social desirability. <br />Conclusion: Therefore, whatever moral disengagement prevails in athletes; with manners such as irresponsibility, justifying and believing in the acquisition of external values (such as cups and medals, instead of promotion and personal growth in sports); social desirability among athletes would be increased which in turn increases tendency to doping. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4440_7f2be1b45d278ac18804b79207a24c53.pdf

Sport Sciences Research institute Sport Psychology Studies 2345-2978 13 47 2024 03 20 Explaining the model of social dimensions affecting the development of political psychology in sports Explaining the model of social dimensions affecting the development of political psychology in sports 155 168 4441 10.22089/spsyj.2024.15208.2416 FA Tina SoltanAhmadi Department of Physical Education, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran 0009-0005-6166-4091 Zynalabedin Fallah Associate Professor of Physical Education Department, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran 0000-0002-4168-4037 Taher Bahlekeh Department of Physical Education, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran 0000-0003-3965-467X Journal Article 2023 07 01 The purpose of this research was to explain the model of social dimensions effective on the development of political psychology in sports. The current research is descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the research is all specialists and experts in the field of psychology, the field of political science, experts in the field of Sociology and sports management, sports bodies (Ministry of Sports, managers, trainers, athletes and sports referees) and University professors and researchers who worked in the specialized field of sports political psychology. The statistical sample was selected using the available targeted method (375 people). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts (9 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.91) and composite reliability. To analyze the data and check the fit of the model, structural equation modeling was used in PLS3-SPSS24 software. The results showed that the dimensions of the strategies had the greatest impact on the consequences with the value (0.761) and the causal conditions on the main phenomenon with the value (0.313), the background conditions on the main phenomenon with the value (0.760), The main phenomenon on strategies with a value of (0.519) and the intervening conditions on the main phenomenon with a value of (0.449) had a direct and significant role in explaining the model, social dimensions were effective on the development of political psychology in sports. The purpose of this research was to explain the model of social dimensions effective on the development of political psychology in sports. The current research is descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the research is all specialists and experts in the field of psychology, the field of political science, experts in the field of Sociology and sports management, sports bodies (Ministry of Sports, managers, trainers, athletes and sports referees) and University professors and researchers who worked in the specialized field of sports political psychology. The statistical sample was selected using the available targeted method (375 people). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts (9 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.91) and composite reliability. To analyze the data and check the fit of the model, structural equation modeling was used in PLS3-SPSS24 software. The results showed that the dimensions of the strategies had the greatest impact on the consequences with the value (0.761) and the causal conditions on the main phenomenon with the value (0.313), the background conditions on the main phenomenon with the value (0.760), The main phenomenon on strategies with a value of (0.519) and the intervening conditions on the main phenomenon with a value of (0.449) had a direct and significant role in explaining the model, social dimensions were effective on the development of political psychology in sports. https://spsyj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_4441_51a472c08e21aef54ed749806e3e6490.pdf