1. Adu, P., Mbinta, J., Badu Prempeh, A. S., Grigoryev, D., & Jurcik, T. (2024). Help-seeking for Social Anxiety symptoms in Ghana: Looking through the lens of sexist attitudes. Current Psychology, 43(29), 24544-24556. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-024-06121-2
2. Ahmadnezhad, S., Radfar, M., Jafarizadeh, H., & Rasouli, J. (2024). Investigating Psychological Distress and Its Relationship with Some Demographic Characteristics in Adults Referring to Urmia's Comprehensive Urban Health Service Centers in 2024. Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 22(11), 934-942. In Persian http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/unmf.22.11.934
3. Astatke, M. (2018). First-Year College Students’ Emotional Intelligence and Help-Seeking Behaviors as Correlates of their Academic Achievement. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa, 6(2), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.24085/jsaa.v6i2.2515
4. Biederman, J., Lanier, J., DiSalvo, M., Noyes, E., Fried, R., Woodworth, K. Y., & Faraone, S. V. (2019). Clinical correlates of mind wandering in adults with ADHD. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 117(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.012
5. Butler, R. (2006). Determinants of help-seeking; relations between perceived reasons for help-avoidance and help-seeking behaviors in an experimental context. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(1), 630-643. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.90.4.630
6. Crosswell, A. D., Coccia, M., & Epel, E. S. (2020). Mind wandering and stress: When you don’t like the present moment. Emotion, 20(3), 403. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000548
7. Deasy, C., Coughlan, B., Pironom, J., Jourdan, D., & Mannix-McNamara, P. (2016). Psychological distress and help seeking amongst higher education students: findings from a mixed method study of undergraduate nursing/midwifery and teacher education students in Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 35(2), 175-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2016.1146157
8. Deng, Y., Zhang, B., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Wang, X., & Zhou, C. (2019). The role of mindfulness and self- control in the relationship between mind-wandering and metacognition. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.020
9. Farjam, F., Barzegar Bafrooei, K., & Rahimi, M. (2023). The role of emotional intelligence and self-compassion in predicting of academic burnout with the mediating role of academic help-seeking. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 20(50), 129-114. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22111/jeps.2023.43544.5203
10. Fox, K. C. R., & Beaty, R. E. (2019). Mind-wandering as creative thinking: Neural, psychological, and theoretical considerations. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 27, 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.10.009
11. Gaynor, N., & Fitzgerald, L. (2023). Mind-wandering and its relationship with psychological wellbeing and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in the context of Covid-19. Psychological Reports, 00332941231203563. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941231203563
12. Ghanbari Talab, M., & Khormayi, F. (2016). The anticipation of help seeking behavior by intelligence beliefs with the mediational role of shame and guilt feelings. Educational and Scholastic studies, 5(2), 105-128. In Persian
13. Ghiggia, A., Bottiroli, S., Lingiardi, V., Tassorelli, C., Galli, F., Castelli, L. (2022). Alexithymia and psychological distress in fibromyalgia and chronic migraine: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 163, 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111048
14. Giblin, J., & Stefaniak, J. (2021). Examining decision-making processes and heuristics in academic helpseeking and instructional environments. TechTrends, 65 (1), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00556-7
15. Hoseini Khabr, A. S., Yaghoubi, H., & Farahani, H. (2024). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Barriers to Seeking Psychological Help Scale in the General Population: A Descriptive Study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 23(6), 482-498. In Persian http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/jrums.23.6.482
16. Hosseini, S. A., & Mozafari Vanani, Z. (2024). Predicting Distress and Psychological Health Based on Religious Health-Oriented Behaviors with the Mediation of Forgiveness. JRRH, 10(4), 83-99. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/jrrh/article/view/43908
17. Issazadegan, A., Tajik, F., Lajevardi, S. A., & Movahednejhad, S. (2023). Model of psychological distress based on metacognitive beliefs of students with the mediating role of mind-wandering. Rooyesh. 11(12), 97-106. In Persian
18. Jalalian, A. M., & Ahi, Q. (2019). The Role of Mind Wandering and Mental Time Travel in Predicting of Fear of Happiness. Research in Behavioural Sciences, 17(1),12-21. In Persian http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/rbs.17.1.12
19. Kandeğer, A., Odabaş Ünal, Ş., Ergün, M. T., & Yavuz Ataşlar, E. (2024). Excessive mind wandering, rumination, and mindfulness mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety and depression in adults with ADHD. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 31(1), e2940. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2940
20. Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth; 25(1): 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0
21. Keum, B. T., Oliffe, J. L., Rice, S. M., Kealy, D., Seidler, Z. E., Cox, D. W., ... & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2023). Distress disclosure and psychological distress among men: The role of feeling understood and loneliness. Current Psychology, 42(13), 10533-10542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02163-y
22. Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(2010), 932-938. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192439
23. Linz, R., Pauly, R., Smallwood, J., & Engert, V. (2021). Mind-wandering content differentially translates from lab to daily life and relates to subjective stress experience. Psychological Research, 85(2), 649-659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-019-01275-2
24. Martín-Arbós, S., Castarlenas, E., & Dueñas, J. M. (2021). Help-seeking in an academic context: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 13(8), 4460. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084460
25. McGinty, E. E., Presskreischer, R., Han, H., & Barry, C. L. (2020). Psychological distress and loneliness reported by US adults in 2018 and April 2020. Jama; 324(1): 93-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0
26. Meyer, J., Jansen, T., Hübner, N., & Lüdtke, O. (2023). Disentangling the association between the Big Five personality traits and student achievement: Meta-analytic evidence on the role of domain specificity and achievement measures. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), 12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-023-09736-2
27. Mohammadi Kamsorkh, A., Sotodeh Asl, N., & Mehrafzon, D. (2025). The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Mentalization on Psychological Distress and Alexitimia in Adolescent Girls with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Psychological Studies, 20(4), 41-56. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2024.47475.2974
28. Mortali, M., & Moutier, C. (2018). Facilitating help-seeking behavior among medical trainees and physicians using the interactive screening program. Journal of Medical Regulation, 104 (2), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-104.2.27
29. Moss, R. A., Gorczynski, P., Sims-Schouten, W., Heard-Laureote, K., & Creaton, J. (2022). Mental health and wellbeing of postgraduate researchers: exploring the relationship between mental health literacy, help-seeking behaviour, psychological distress, and wellbeing. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(4), 1168-1183. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1906210
30. Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: Finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12(3), 442-448. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026678
31. Naghavi, N., Hajipour Abaee, N., Manzari Tavakoli, H., & Bahreinizadeh, A. (2024). Explaining the model of self-directed learning based on help seeking with regard to the mediating role of critical thinking in students. Journal of Psychological Science. 23(139), 145-161. In Persian http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/JPS.23.139.1689
32. Pourabdol, S. (2023). Psychometric Properties of the Mind Wandering Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology Studies, 14(51), 91-118. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22054/jcps.2024.17000
33. Rade, D. A., Craford, G., Lobo, R., Gray, C., & Brown, G. (2018). Sexual health help-seeking behavior among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in high income countries: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15 (7), 1311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071311
34. Saberi, M., Mohammadi, A., & Shirinkam, M. S. (2022). The Relationship between Academic Attitude, Academic Aid and Academic Achievement with Academic Life of Medical Students. Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 14(6), 387-394. In Persian
35. Samsam Shariat, F. S. (2025). The Role of Experiential Avoidance and Psychological Distress in Predicting Cognitive Fusion of psychology Students in Isfahan city. Journal of Psycho Research and Behavioral Studies, 3(1), 42-57. In Persian
36. Selak, Š., Lebar, M., Žvelc, G., Gabrovec, B., Šorgo, A., Cesar, K., & Crnkovič, N. (2024). Depression, anxiety, and help-seeking among Slovenian postsecondary students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(2024), 1461595. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1461595
37. Seli, P., Beaty, R. E., Marty-Dugas, J., & Smilek, D. (2019). Depression, anxiety, and stress and the distinction between intentional and unintentional mind wandering. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(2), 163. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-17806-001
38. Sheykholeslami, A., Bashshashi, Z., & Jafari, A. (2019). Comparing the Emotional Processing, Help Seeking and Goal Achievement in Students with High and Low Test Anxiety. Educational Psychology, 15(54), 137-157. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22054/jep.2020.27629.2046
39. Sirois, F. M., & Owens, J. (2021). Factors associated with psychological distress in health-care workers during an infectious disease outbreak: a rapid systematic review of the evidence. Front Psychiatry, 11(2021), 589545. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589545
40. Soltani, M., Kamyabi, M., Bahrinizade, A., & Andishmand, V. (2025). Developing a structural model of problem-solving skills and academic help-seeking based on the big five personality traits with the mediating role of self-concept in female students. Journal of Psychological Science. 24(145), 157-176. In Persian http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/JPS.24.145.157
41. Taheri Kharameh, Z., Sharififard, F., Asayesh, H., & Sepahvandi, M. R. (2017). Academic Resilience and Burnout Relationship of the Student of Qom University of Medical Sciences. Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 10(5), 375-383. In Persian
42. Talebi, M., Naderi, F., Bakhtiyarpour, S., & Safarzadeh S. (2020). The Effect of Psychological Well-being training on Distress Tolerance, Mind Wandering and Depression of Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children. Nursing Education, 9(2), 27-36. In Persian
43. Taylor, R. E., & Kuo, B. C. H. (2019). Black American psychological help seeking intention: An integrated literature review with recommendations for clinical practice. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 29(4), 325-337. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000131
44. Tillmann, S., Tobin, D., Avison, W., & Gilliland, J. (2018). Mental health benefits of interactions with nature in children and teenagers: A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 72 (10), 958-966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210436
45. Tsegay, L., & Ayano, G. (2024). Psychological Distress and Associated Factors among Medical Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 16, 1007-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100783
46. Yaghubi, H. (2016). Psychometric properties of the 10 questions Version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 6(4), 45-57. In Persian
47. Yamaoka, A., & Yukawa, S. (2020). Mind wandering in creative problem-solving: Relationships with divergent thinking and mental health. PloS one, 15(4), e0231946. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231946
48. Zamani Froshani, Z., Dokaneifard, F., & Niknam, M. (2023). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress and dysfunctional attitudes. Journal of Psychological Science, 22(125), 1017-1032. In Persian https://doi.org/10.52547/JPS.22.125.911
49. Zedelius, C. M., Protzko, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2021). Lay Theories of the Wandering Mind: Control-Related Beliefs Predict Mind Wandering Rates in- and outside the Lab. Personality & social psychology bulletin, 47(6), 921–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220949408
50. Zeng, F., John, W. C. M., Qiao, D., & Sun, X. (2023). Association between psychological distress and mental help-seeking intentions in international students of national university of Singapore: a mediation analysis of mental health literacy. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 2358. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17346-4
