Sport Psychology Studies

Sport Psychology Studies

Explaining a Structural Model for Predicting Rumination Based on Perceived Parenting Styles with the Mediation of Distress Tolerance in Adolescents with Low Physical Activity

Document Type : Original research

Authors
Elham MolaeiFard 1
Fatemeh Akhlaghi YazdiNezhad 2
1 M.A. in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.
10.22089/spsyj.2024.4917.1289
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to explain a structural model for predicting rumination based on perceived parenting styles with the mediation of distress tolerance in adolescents with low physical activity.
Materials and Methods: This was a correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all female students in schools of Shahre-Babak County. From among adolescents who met the inclusion criteria, 280 individuals were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Ruminative Responses Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1991), the Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (1991), and the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software, with a significance level of 0.05.
Findings: The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the collected data (χ²/df = 2.16, CFI = 0.988, GFI = 0.990, AGFI = 0.893, RMSEA = 0.062). The indirect path coefficient between the authoritative style and rumination was negative and significant, mediated by distress tolerance (P < 0.001, β = -0.104). The indirect path coefficients between the authoritarian style (P < 0.001, β = 0.090) and the permissive style (P < 0.001, β = 0.100) and rumination were positive and significant, mediated by distress tolerance.
Conclusion: The results showed that perceived parenting styles play a significant role in predicting rumination in adolescents with low physical activity, and distress tolerance significantly mediates this relationship. Effective parenting styles were associated with increased distress tolerance and reduced rumination, while ineffective styles, by decreasing distress tolerance, provided the grounds for increased rumination. These findings emphasize the importance of simultaneously considering parenting styles, strengthening distress tolerance, and promoting physical activity in preventive interventions and mental health promotion programs for adolescents.
Keywords
Distress Tolerance
Parenting
Rumination
Adolescents
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Sport Psychology Studies
Volume 15, Issue 55
Spring 2026
Pages 48-66

  • Receive Date 19 June 2025
  • Revise Date 06 November 2025
  • Accept Date 28 December 2025