Sport Psychology Studies

Sport Psychology Studies

Can one maintain performance choking under pressure? A critical look at the left-hand dynamic handgrip technique in taekwondo athletes

Document Type : Original research

Authors
1 , Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Kharazmi Univercity
3 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of this technique on changes in functional performance (accuracy and form of kick execution) and psychological responses (cognitive and somatic anxiety) under conditions of performance blockage in elite Taekwondo athletes.

Methodology: Participants included 18 male elite Taekwondo athletes (16-20 years old) who were purposefully selected. The performance blockage condition was induced by creating a realistic competitive environment including the presence of spectators, a promised monetary reward, and technical evaluation. Measurement tools included the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), an electronic Hugo system for recording kick intensity, and biomechanical analysis using high-speed videography and Kinovea software to assess the quality of kick execution (Ap Dollyo Chagi). The athletes were randomly assigned to either a left-hand gripping (intervention) group or a right-hand gripping (control) group, and after a 45-second execution of the technique, they performed their kicks under pressure conditions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests.

Rsults: the results of the independent t-test for comparing the change scores (post-test minus pre-test) between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference in any of the studied variables (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, accuracy, and form of kick execution) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate the ineffectiveness of the dynamic left-hand gripping technique in neutralizing performance blockage in elite Taekwondo athletes. These results emphasize the need to re-evaluate the effectiveness of simple interventions for elite athletes and to design more complex psychological methods tailored to the nature of open-skill sports.
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  • Receive Date 03 January 2026
  • Revise Date 21 February 2026
  • Accept Date 27 April 2026