مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی

مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی

تأثیر تمرین بازخورد زیستی تغییرپذیری ضربان قلب بر عملکرد تیراندازان نخبه

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی گروه رفتار حرکتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد دانشکده و پژوهشکده علوم اجتماعی و فرهنگی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مشاهده آثار آموزش و تمرین بازخورد زیستی تغییرپذیری ضربان قلب بر عملکرد تیراندازان نخبه انجام شد. پس از اخذ رکوردگیری اولیه از بین 11 ورزشکار داوطلب رشته تفنگ بادی 10 متر، ده تیراندازی که امتیاز آن‌ها بالاتر از 600 نمره بود، به عنوان تنها نمونه‌های دردسترس، وارد تحقیق شدند. پس از احتساب رکورد اولیه به عنوان پیش‌آزمون، تیراندازان به دو گروه برابر پنج نفری تجربی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه تجربی، در سه جلسه مشاهده و کنترل ضربان قلب و پنج جلسه تمرین تیراندازی با تأکید بر ایجاد هم نوسانی ریتم تنفس و ضربان قلب پیش از هر شلیک شرکت کرد. اما گروه کنترل، پنج جلسه تمرین تیراندازی مطابق با روال همیشگی خود اجر کرد. سپس هر دو گروه در پس‌آزمون تیراندازی شرکت کردند. آزمون‌های تیراندازی مطابق با شرایط مسابقات رسمی تیراندازی انجام شد. نتایج آزمون‌ تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر یک طرفه نشان داد که امتیاز تیراندازان گروه تجربی در پس‌آزمون و آزمون انتقال تیراندازی به‌طور معناداری افزایش یافته است. نتایج پژوهش ضمن تأیید قابلیت یادگیری هم نوسانی ریتم تنفس و ضربان قلب از طریق آموزش بازخورد زیستی و تشدید تغییرپذیری ضربان قلب در ورزشکاران ماهر، نشان داد که بهبود عملکرد ورزشی و انتقال آن به شرایط واقعی ورزش از طریق کمّیت بخشی به وضعیت روانی فیزیولوژیکی مقدور است. همچنین، یافته‌های این پژوهش از طریق قانون اثر قابل تبیین است. با این‌حال، برای پذیرش همخوان بودن محتوای این تمرینات با مطالبات تکلیف همچنان به پژوهش‌های بیشتری نیاز است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of Practicing Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on the Performance of Elite Shooters

نویسندگان English

Sayyed Hossein Hosseiny 1
Mohammad VaezMousavi 2
1 Ph.D. Student in the Department of Motor Behavior Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran.
2 Professor, School of Social and Cultural Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of practicing heart rate variability biofeedback on the performance of elite shooters.

Methods: Eleven air rifle 10-meters shooters volunteered to participate in the study. After the preliminary test, 10 subjects with a score of more than 600 were included in the study as available samples. The results of the initial record were considered as a pre-test and then the shooters were divided into experimental and control groups each consisting of five participants. The experimental group first participated in three sessions of heart rate regulation and then in five sessions of shooting practice with emphasis on respiration sinus arrhythmia before each shot. The control group performed five sessions of shooting practice similar to the usual exercises. Both groups then participated in the shooting post-test and transfer test. The shooting tests were performed according to the regulations of the official shooting competitions.
Results: The results of one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the performance of shooters in the experimental group in the post-test and transfer test was significantly increased. The results showed that biofeedback training leads to RSA learning and intensifies HRV in skilled athletes. Also, by quantifying the physiological mental state, it is possible to improve athletic performance and transfer it to real sports conditions.

Conclusion: In addition, the findings of this study may be explained through the law of effect. However, more research is needed to accept that the content of these exercises is consistent with the requirements of assignment.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Heart rate
Respiration
Resonant frequency
Athletic performance
Shooting
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دوره 15، شماره 55
بهار 1405
صفحه 130-144

  • تاریخ دریافت 23 دی 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 31 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 07 تیر 1401