مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی

مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی

تأثیر تمرین تصویرسازی پتلپ بر عملکرد حرکت سالتو در شناگران رقابتی: نقش واسطه‌ای اعتماد به نفس ورزشی

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
مهدی فهیمی 1
زهرا اسدی 2
1 استادیار گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران
2 گروه روانشناسی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهاب دانش، قم، ایران.
10.22089/spsyj.2025.18265.2587
چکیده
هدف:  این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر تمرین تصویرسازی حرکتی مبتنی بر مدل PETTLEP بر عملکرد مهارت سالتو و اعتماد به نفس ورزشی شناگران رقابتی پرداخت و نقش میانجی خودکارآمدی را مورد مطالعه قرار داد.
مواد و روش ها: چهل و پنج شناگر سطح ملی (25-18 سال) به صورت تصادفی در گروه تصویرسازی PETTLEP یا گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. با استفاده از طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون، عملکرد مهارت سالتو با تحلیل حرکت و ارزیابی متخصصان و اعتماد به نفس با پرسشنامه استاندارد SSCI اندازه‌گیری شد. گروه آزمایش به مدت شش هفته و در 18 جلسه (45 دقیقه‌ای) تحت تمرین تصویرسازی PETTLEP با تأکید بر مؤلفه‌های فیزیکی، محیطی و تکلیف‌محور قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از MANCOVA  (با کنترل نمرات پایه)، تحلیل مسیر (AMOS-24) و روش بوت‌استراپ (5000 نمونه) برای بررسی اثرات میانجی تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: گروه PETTLEP در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، بهبود معناداری در عملکرد سالتو و اعتماد به نفس نشان دادند. تحلیل مسیر دو مکانیسم را آشکار کرد: اثر مستقیم تصویرسازی بر عملکرد و اثر غیرمستقیم با میانجی‌گری اعتماد به نفس همخوانی عصبی-شناختی (از طریق همارزی عملکردی) و تقویت باورهای خودکارآمدی به عنوان عوامل تبیینی کلیدی شناسایی شدند
نتیجه‌گیری: تصویرسازی PETTLEP به عنوان روشی مکمل در کنار تمرین فیزیکی می‌تواند موجب بهبود مهارت‌های پیچیده آبی شود که بخشی از این تأثیر از طریق مسیرهای روان‌شناختی حاصل می‌شود. این یافته‌ها از ادغام تصویرسازی چندوجهی در تمرینات شنا، به ویژه برای مهارت‌های نیازمند دقت فضایی-زمانی، حمایت می‌کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تصویرسازی حرکتی
مدل PETTLEP
عملکرد شنا
اعتماد به نفس
یادگیری مهارت
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effects of PETTLEP Imagery Training on Back Tuck Performance in Competitive Swimmers: The Mediating Role of Sport Confidence

نویسندگان English

Mahdi Fahimi 1
Zahra Asadi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
2 Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahab Danesh University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده English

Recent advancements in sports psychology emphasize the role of mental imagery in enhancing athletic performance, particularly for complex motor skills. The PETTLEP model (Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, Perspective) provides a structured approach to motor imagery, promoting functional equivalence between imagined and actual performance. This study investigated the effects of PETTLEP-based imagery on the backward somersault in swimming while exploring self-efficacy as a potential mediator.



A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 45 national-level male swimmers (18–25 years). Participants were assigned to either a PETTLEP imagery group (18 sessions over six weeks) or a control group. Biomechanical performance (rotation speed, entry angle precision, timing consistency) was assessed, while psychological factors (self-confidence, anxiety) were measured via standardized questionnaires.



Results showed significant improvements in the PETTLEP group: rotation speed increased by 12.7%, entry angle precision improved by 9.3°, and timing consistency (coefficient of variation) decreased from 8.2% to 4.7%. Psychological assessments revealed an 18.6-point increase in self-confidence and a 22.4% reduction in competitive anxiety. Path analysis indicated dual mechanisms: a direct effect of imagery on performance (β = 0.42) and an indirect effect mediated by self-efficacy (β = 0.31). Neurocognitive data supported these findings, showing enhanced sensorimotor activation and cortical connectivity.



The study confirms PETTLEP imagery as an effective tool for improving both physical and psychological aspects of complex aquatic skills. Practical applications include integrating structured imagery sessions into training, using video feedback, and monitoring psychological outcomes. Future research should explore long-term retention, individualized protocols, and broader applications in sports training.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

motor imagery
PETTLEP model
swimming performance
self-confidence
skill acquisition
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مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی
دوره 14، شماره 54
زمستان 1404
صفحه 24-45

  • تاریخ دریافت 22 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 07 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 09 شهریور 1404