Document Type : Original research study
Authors
1 Post-doctoral researcher at the Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
3 Professor of Physical Education Faculty of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract
Objectives: Although the athletes are very close to each other in terms of skill level and physical fitness; however, they still differ from each other in psychological variables. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and dimensions of time perspectives among elite & non-elite wrestlers.
Materials & methods: The strategy of this study is descriptive and retrospective. The statistical population included all elite and non-elite Iranian male athletes in wrestling, and finally 22 elite athletes and 36 non-elite athletes were selected. Data collection tools included Bradbury's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2005), Scherer's General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1982), and Zimbardo's Time Perspectives Questionnaire (1999). Data analysis was done using multivariate analysis of variance test and using SPSS version 23 software, at a significance level of p<0.05.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between elite & non-elite wrestlers in the variables of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and dimensions of time horizons. Elite wrestlers had a higher level of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy than non-elite wrestlers. Also, except the negative past component, the score of elite wrestlers was lower comparison nonelite wrestlers; in the other components (predictive present, hedonistic present, positive past, future & sublime future), the score of elite wrestlers was higher than nonelite wrestlers.
Conclusion: It can be said, the variables of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and time perspectives and their effects on the elite performance of athletes, should be given more attention by all athletes, parents, coaches, and sports experts.
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