Document Type : Original research study
Authors
1 M. Sc of Sport Psychology, Islamic Azad University Karaj Branch, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University Karaj Branch, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Islamic Azad University Karaj Branch, Iran
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of prediction with conditions of time occlusion in elite and non-elite taekwondo players. The population of this study were all adult male taekwondo players in 2015 that 20 taekwondo players were selected. The errors and data record form, Adobe Premiere audio-visual software, and the repository software for images were used as the instrument. The images with specified time occlusion (0.050, 0.100, and 0.150 seconds) were presented to subjects to detect and to respond. The results showed a significant difference between elite and non-elite taekwondo players’ prediction mean in time occlusion. The prediction in 0.050 seconds before the hit was the best time to identify the type of hit. Non-elite taekwondo players’ error of prediction was significantly more than elite taekwondo players with the increasing of time of before the hit from 0.050 seconds to 0.150 thousandth of a second.
Keywords
- Abernethy, B, & Zawi, Kh. (2007). Pickup of essential kinematics underpins expert perception of movement patterns. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39(5), 353-67.
- Bard, Ch, & Fleury, M. (1976). Analysis of visual search activity during sport problem situations. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 3(2), 214-22.
- Cañal-Bruland, R., & Williams, A. M. (2010). Movement recognition and prediction of movement effects in biological motion perception. Experimental Psychology, 57(4), 320-6.
- Dicks, M, Davids, K, & Button, Ch. (2010). Individual differences in the visual control of intercepting a penalty kick in association football. Human Movement Science, 29(3), 401-11.
- Ericsson, K.A. (2014). The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games. 3 sd Edition, Psychology Press, New York.
- Eskandarinejad, M. (2011). The effects of neurofeedback on nsfalvgrafyk changes on the performance of Tyrvkmandaran beginner. PhD Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran (In Persian).
- Goulet, C, Bard, Ch, & Fleury, M. (1989). Expertise differences in preparing to return a tennis serve: A visual information processing approach. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(4), 382-98.
- Helsen, W., & Pauwels, J. M. (1993). A cognitive approach to visual search in sport. Visual Search, 2, 379-88.
- Hoseiniun, T. (2001). Described the psychological preparation of athletes rowing women's field, basketball, fencing, shooting, volleyball, athletics and tennis dirt. (Unpublished master dissertation). Islamic Azad University of Tehran. (In Persian).
- Ives, J. C. (2013). Motor behavior: Connecting mind and body for optimal performance. 1 st ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York.
- Loffing, F, & Hagemann, N. (2014). Skill differences in visual anticipation of type of throw in team-handball penalties. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(3), 260-7.
- Mann, D, T. Y., Williams, A., Mark, Ward, P, & Janelle, Ch. M. (2007). Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(4), 457.
- Müller, S, & Abernethy, B. (2012). Expert anticipatory skill in striking sports: A review and a model. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(2), 175-87.
- Müller, S, Abernethy, B, & Farrow, D. (2006). How do world-class cricket batsmen anticipate a bowler's intention? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59(12), 2162-86.
- Nouri, N., Shadmehr, L., Attarbashi, A., & Ghotbi, B. (2011). Compare predict reaction time and skills in female athletes and non-athletes. Modern Rehabilitation Journal, 6(3), 37-43 (In Persian).
- Rouhollahi, V., Rozan, M., & Mehrotra, A. (2015). The role of expertise on visual search strategies and action anticipation in female field hockey players. International Journal of Sport Studies. Vol., 5 (3), 250-254, 2015.
- Schorer, J., & Baker, J. (2009). An exploratory study of aging and perceptual-motor expertise in handball goalkeepers. Experimental Aging Research, 35(1), 1-19.
- Savelsbergh, Geert J P, Van der Kamp, J, Williams, A. M, & Ward, Paul. (2005). Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics, 48(11-14), 1686-97.
- Sayyedolhoseini, M. (2000). The effect of two types of mental exercises and physical exercises on reaction time (simple, optional), non-elite males. M.sc Thesis, Tehran University, Faculty of Physical Education.
- Sanateemonfared, Sh. (2006). Validation OMSAT- and evaluate the effect of psychological fitness level mental skills selection of athletes to participate in Qatar's Doha 2006 Asian bases. Research project at the National Olympic and Paralympic Academy of Iran.
- Takeuchi, T, & Inomata, K. (2009). Visual search strategies and decision making in baseball batting 1. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 108(3), 971-80.
- Vaeyens, R., Lenoir, M., Williams, A. m., Mazyn, L, & Philippaerts, R. (2007). The effects of task constraints on visual search behavior and decision-making skill in youth soccer players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(2), 147.
- Williams, A. M., Davids, K, & Williams, J. G. P. (1999). Visual perception and action in sport. 1 st ed. Taylor & Francis, London and New York.
- Williams, A. M., Huys, R., Cañal-Bruland, R., & Hagemann, N. (2009). The dynamical information underpinning anticipation skill. Human Movement Science, 28(3), 362-70.