Document Type : Original research study
Authors
1 M.Sc. of Sport Psychology, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
2 Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Tabriz
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of physical activity interventions through Telegram application on intrinsic motivation, basic psychological needs, and physical activity in adolescents with low Physical Activity. 60 boys (15-17 years old) with low physical activity were selected. Participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups including the web–based intervention group and the web–based intervention group according to self-determination approach. Interventions included 24 selective physical activities which were applied through Telegram application (3 per week, during 8 weeks). Before and after intervention, participants completed a series of specific questionnaires. The results showed that physical activity interventions with self-determination approach significantly increased intrinsic motivation and satisfaction of psychological needs. However, the effect on physical activity was not significant. At whole, these findings suggest that the use of web-based physical activity intervention according to self-determination approach can improve psychological variables related to physical activity in adolescents.
Keywords
Main Subjects
2. Ahmadi, M., Amani, J., & Behzadnia, B. (2015). Autonomy-supportive and controlling environment, motivation, and intention to continue sport participation in adolescents: Study of self-determination theory. Journal of Sport Psychology Studies, 10(3), 99-112.
3. Almagro, B. J., Sáenz-López, P., & Moreno, J. A. (2010). Prediction of sport adherence through the influence of autonomy-supportive coaching among Spanish adolescent athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(1), 8(1), 9-16.
4. Behzadnia, B., Ahmadi, M., & Amani, J. (2017). The factorial structure of the self-regulation questionnaire in college physical education class (SRQ-PE). Research on Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 7(13), 25-34. (In Persian)
5. Binks, M., & van Mierlo, T. (2010). Utilization patterns and user characteristics of an ad libitum Internet weight loss program. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(1), 9.
6. Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Hagger, M. S. (2009). Effects of an intervention based on self-determination theory on self-reported leisure-time physical activity participation. Psychology and Health, 24(1), 29-48.
7. Collings, P. J., Wijndaele, K., Corder, K., Westgate, K., Ridgway, C. L., Dunn, V., …, & Brage, S. (2014). Levels and patterns of objectively-measured physical activity volume and intensity distribution in UK adolescents: the ROOTS study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11, 23.
8. Couper, M. P., Alexander, G. L., Maddy, N., Zhang, N., Nowak, M. A., McClure, J. B., …, & Little, R. J. (2010). Engagement and retention: measuring breadth and depth of participant use of an online intervention. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(4), 52.
9. Davies, C. A., Spence, J. C., Vandelanotte, C., Caperchione, C. M., & Mummery, W. K. (2012). Meta-analysis of internet-delivered interventions to increase physical activity levels. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 52.
10. Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of personality, 62(1), 119-42.
11. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination Research (pp. 3-33). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
12. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
13. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-68.
14. Enwald, H. P. K., & Huotari, M.-L. A. (2010). Preventing the obesity epidemic by second generation tailored health communication: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(2), 24.
15. Fenton, S. A., Duda, J. L., Quested, E., & Barrett, T. (2014). Coach autonomy support predicts autonomous motivation and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in youth sport participants. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(5), 453-63.
16. Friederichs, S. A., Oenema, A., Bolman, C., & Lechner, L. (2015). Long term effects of self-determination theory and motivational interviewing in a web-based physical activity intervention: randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 101.
17. Friederichs, S. A., Oenema, A., Bolman, C., & Lechner, L. (2016). Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory in a web-based computer tailored physical activity intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Psychology & health, 31(8), 1-24.
18. Goudas, M., Biddle, S., & Fox, K. (1994). Perceived locus of causality, goal orientations, and perceived competence in school physical education classes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 64(3), 453-63.
19. Gunnell, K. E., Zumbo, B. D., Wilson, P. M., Mack, D. E., & Crocker, P. R. (2010). The psychological need satisfaction in exercise scale: An investigation of measurement invariance across groups. Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport, 42(1).
20. Hargreaves, E. A., Mutrie, N., & Fleming, J. D. (2016). A web-based intervention to encourage walking (StepWise): Pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(1).
21. Hazavehei, M., Asadi, Z., Hassanzadeh, A., & Shekarchizadeh, P. (2008). Comparing the effect of two methods of presenting physical education II course on the attitudes and practices of female students towards regular physical activity in Isfahan university of medical sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 8(1), 121-30.
22. Hurling, R., Catt, M., de Boni, M., Fairley, B., Hurst, T., Murray, P., …, & Sodhi, J. (2007). Using internet and mobile phone technology to deliver an automated physical activity program: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 9(2), 7.
23. Lacaille, R., Lacaille, L., Hooker, S., & Fortier, M. (2009). Development and preliminary evaluation of a self-determination theory web-based exercise adoption intervention. Ann BehavMed, 37(Suppl 1), 181.
24. LaPlante, C., & Peng, W. (2011). A systematic review of e-health interventions for physical activity: an analysis of study design, intervention characteristics, and outcomes. Telemedicine and e-Health, 17(7), 509-23.
25. Lustria, M. L. A., Noar, S. M., Cortese, J., Van Stee, S. K., Glueckauf, R. L., & Lee, J. (2013). A meta-analysis of web-delivered tailored health behavior change interventions. Journal of Health Communication, 18(9), 1039-69.
26. Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach–athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of Sports Science, 21(11), 883-904.
27. Maher, C., Ferguson, M., Vandelanotte, C., Plotnikoff, R., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Thomas, S., …, & Olds, T. (2015). A web-based, social networking physical activity intervention for insufficiently active adults delivered via facebook App: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(7).
28. Mark, A. E., & Janssen, I. (2011). Influence of movement intensity and physical activity on adiposity in youth. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8(2), 164-73.
29. Nelson, M. C., Neumark-Stzainer, D., Hannan, P. J., Sirard, J. R., & Story, M. (2006). Longitudinal and secular trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior during adolescence. Pediatrics, 118(6), 1627-34.
30. Patrick, H., & Canevello, A. (2011). Methodological overview of a self-determination theory-based computerized intervention to promote leisure-time physical activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(1), 13-9.
31. Peels, D. A., Bolman, C., Golsteijn, R. H. J., De Vries, H., Mudde, A. N., van Stralen, M. M., & Lechner, L. (2012). Differences in reach and attrition between web-based and print-delivered tailored interventions among adults over 50 years of age: Clustered randomized trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(6), 179.
32. Pihu, M., Hein, V., Koka, A., & Hagger, M. S. (2008). How students’ perceptions of teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviours affect physical activity behaviour: an application of the trans-contextual model. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(4), 193-204.
33. Reeve, J. (2009). Why teachers adopt a controlling motivating style toward students and how they can become more autonomy supportive. Educational Psychologist, 44(3), 159-75.
34. Telama, R., Yang, X., Viikari, J., Välimäki, I., Wanne, O., & Raitakari, O. (2005). Physical activity from childhood to adulthood: A 21-year tracking study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(3), 267-73.
35. Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 271-360.
36. Van Kessel, G., Kavanagh, M., & Maher, C. (2016). A qualitative study to examine feasibility and design of an online social networking intervention to increase physical activity in teenage girls. PLoS One, 11(3), 150817.
37. Vandelanotte, C., Short, C., Plotnikoff, R., Hooker, C., Canoy, D., Rebar, A., …, & Duncan, M. (2015). Taylor active–examining the effectiveness of web-based personally-tailored videos to increase physical activity: A randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1.
38. Webb, T., Joseph, J., Yardley, L., & Michie, S. (2010). Using the internet to promote health behavior change: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(1), 4.
39. Wilson, P. M., Rogers, W. T., Rodgers, W. M., & Wild, T. C. (2006). The psychological need satisfaction in exercise scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), 231.
40. World Health Organization. (2012). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004. World Health Assembly, 25(3).
)