Document Type : Original research study

Author

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between social-contextual environments, motivation, enjoyment and satisfaction of students in physical education class, based on self-determination theory. A descriptive correlation design was employed. Participants were 393 university students (193 female & 200 male) who were joining general physical education in first semester 2015; these were selected by cluster random sampling method. Participants completed a series of questionnaires which assess autonomy-supportive and controlling environment, motivational orientation, enjoyment of physical education activities, and satisfaction of physical education class. The result of correlation and path analysis, showed that the autonomy-supportive environment doesn't predict the autonomous motivation, whereas directly predicts enjoyment and satisfaction in physical education class. Moreover, controlling environment significantly and negatively predicts enjoyment and satisfaction via the mediatory role of autonomous motivation.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1. Abdoli,B., Ahmadi,N., Asgari,Z., Azimzade, A., Akradi,M.(2010) Determination Validity and reliability of processes of the joy of physical education.Research in Sport Sciences. 6,29-42
2. Adie, JW., Duda, JL., Ntoumanis, N. (2012). Perceived coach-autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the well-and ill-being of elite youth soccer players: A longitudinal investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise.13(1), 1-9.
3. Ahmadi, M., Amani, J., Behzadnia, B.(2015). Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Environment, Motivation, and Intention to Continue Sport Participation in Adolescents: Study of Self-determination Theory. Journal of Sport Psychology Studies. 10(3):99-112.
4. Ahmadi, M., Namazi Zadeh, M., Mokhtari, P.(2012).Perceived Motivational Climate, Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Self-Determined Motivation in Youth Male Athletes. Reacerch in Sports Management and motor behavior. 2 (3),125-139
5. Alderman, BL., Beighle, A., Pangrazi, RP.(2006).Enhancing motivation in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance.77(2),41-51.
6. Almagro, BJ., Sáenz-López, P., Moreno, JA.(2010) Prediction of sport adherence through the influence of autonomy-supportive coaching among Spanish adolescent athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine. 9(1),8.
7. Bartholomew, K., Ntoumanis, N.,Thøgersen-Ntoumani,C.(2010).Thecontrolling interpersonal style in a coaching context: Development and initial validation of a psychometric scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology.32, 3-21.
8. Bartholomew, K., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C.(2011). Self-determination theory and the darker side of athletic experience: The role of interpersonal control and need thwarting. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review.7(2),23-7.
9. Balaguer, I., González, L., Fabra, P., Castillo, I., Mercé, J., Duda, JL.( 2012). Coaches' interpersonal style, basic psychological needs and the well-and ill-being of young soccer players: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of sports sciences.30(15),19-29.
10. Chatzisarantis, NL., Hagger, MS.(2009).Effects of an intervention based on self-determination theory on self-reported leisure-time physical activity participation. Psychology and Health. 24(1),29-48.
11. Cunningham, GB.(2007).Development of the physical activity class satisfaction questionnaire (PACSQ). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science.11(3),161-76.
12. -Deci, EL., Eghrari, H., Patrick, BC., Leone, DR.(1994).Facilitating internalization: The self determination theory perspective. Journal of personality.62(1),119-42.
13. Deci, EL., Ryan, RM.(2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry.11(4),227-68.
14. Deci, EL., Ryan, R.(2002).Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research. 3-33.
15. Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., Duda, JL.(2008).Testing a self-determination theory‐based teaching style intervention in the exercise domain. European Journal of Social Psychology. 38(2), 75-88.
16. Ferriz, R., Sicilia, A., Sáenz-Álvarez, P.(2013).Predicting satisfaction in physical education classes: A study based on self-determination theory. The Open Education Journal.6(1),1-7.
17. Fenton, SA., Duda, JL., Quested, E., Barrett, T.(2014).Coach autonomy support predicts autonomous motivation and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in youth sport participants. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 15(5), 53-63.
18. Hashim, H., Grove, RJ., Whipp, P.(2008).Validating the youth sport enjoyment construct in high school physical education. Research quarterly for exercise and sport.79(2),183-94.
19. Goudas, M., Biddle, S.(1994). Perceived motivational climate and intrinsic motivation in school physical education classes. European Journal of Psychology of Education.9(3),241-50.
20. Johansson, M., Hartig, T., Staats, H.(2011)Psychological benefits of walking: Moderation by company and outdoor environment. Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being. 3(3):261-80.
21. Lee, I-M., Shiroma, EJ., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, SN., Katzmarzyk, P. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The lancet. 380, 219-29.
22. Lim, BC., Wang, CJ.(2009). Perceived autonomy support, behavioural regulations in physical education and physical activity intention. Psychology of Sport and Exercise.10(1),52-60.
23. López Walle, J., Tristán, J., Balaguer, I., Duda, JL., Aguirre, HB., Rios, RM.(2014). Coaches' controlling style, basic needs thwarting, and well-/ill-being in Mexican university players. Journal of sport and exercise psychology. 36, 117.
24. Mageau, GA., Vallerand, RJ.(2003).The coach-athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of Sports Sciences.21(11),883-904.
25. Netz Y, Wu M-J, Becker BJ, Tenenbaum G. Physical activity and psychological well-being in advanced age: a meta-analysis of intervention studies. Psychology and aging. 2005;20(2):272.
26. Pihu, M., Hein, V., Koka, A., Hagger, MS.( 2008) How students’ perceptions of teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviours affect physical activity behaviour: an application of the trans-contextual model. European Journal of Sport Science.8(4),193-204.
27. Organization WH. Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004. World Health Assembly. 2012;57.
28. Owen, KB., Astell-Burt, T., Lonsdale, C.(2013).The relationship between self-determined motivation and physical activity in adolescent boys. Journal of Adolescent Health.53(3),420-2.
29. Prusak, KA.(2004).Adolescent Girls in Physical Education. Journal of teaching in physical education.23,19-29.
30. Standage, M., Duda, JL., Ntoumanis, N.(2005). A test of self‐determination theory in school physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 75(3), 11-33.
31. Standage, M., Duda, JL., Treasure, DC., Prusak, KA.(2003).Validity, Reliability, and Invariance of the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) Across Diverse Physical Activity Contexts. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology.25(1).
32. Standage, M., Gillison, FB., Ntoumanis, N., Treasure, DC. Predicting students’ ysical activity and health-related well-being: A prospective cross-domain investigation of motivation across school physical education and exercise settings. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 34,37-60.
33. Standage, M., Treasure, DC.( 2002). Relationship among achievement goal orientations and multidimensional situational motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology.72(1),87-103.
34. Taylor, IM., Ntoumanis, N., Standage, M., Spray, CM.( 2010). Motivational predictors of physical education students’ effort, exercise intentions, and leisure-time physical activity: A multilevel linear growth analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology.32(1),99-120.
35. Yousefi, B., Behesht, A.(2013). The effect of physical educators’ autonomy supportive behaviorson enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls: (Psychological needs and intrinsic motivation mediating role).journal of sport psychology reaserch. 5(3),41-54
36. Wang, CJ., Liu, W.( 2007). Promoting enjoyment in girls' physical education: The impact of goals, beliefs, and self-determination. European Physical Education Review.13(2),145-64.