Investigating the relationship between apology and forgiveness culture with athletes' behavioral tendencies

Document Type : Original research

Authors
Hosein Ali Soltani 1
Kambiz Heydarzadeh 2
Rohoalah Zaboli 3
Siyavash Ahmadi Chehrehbargh 4
1 PhD Student in Business Administration - Marketing Orientation, Department of Management, School of Management and Economics, Research Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Health Management Research Center, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
10.22089/spsyj.2020.9007.1974
Abstract
The aim of this study was to Investigating the relationship between apology and forgiveness culture with athletes' behavioral tendencies. The method of the present study was correlation. The statistical population of the study included all athletes who used the sports services of indoor clubs in Tehran, who regularly participated in sports activities in these spaces, the exact number of these people was unknown. According to the formula of Cochran's sample size in the uncertain conditions of the statistical population and also the high distribution of the statistical population in urban areas of Tehran, 450 people were selected as the research sample. In order to analyze the research data, structural equation test was used in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship between the culture of apology and behavioral tendencies of athletes. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between forgiveness culture and athletes' behavioral tendencies. Therefore, in order to develop and improve the behavioral tendencies of athletes, it is necessary to properly improve the culture of apology and forgiveness.
Keywords
culture of Apology
A Culture of Forgiveness
A Tendency to Behave
Athletes

Main Subjects

  1.   

    1. Austin, M., Bies, R., Brady, D., and Okimoto, T. G. (2019). Forgiveness, Reintegration, and Redemption: Towards an Inclusive Organization. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2019, No. 1, p. 113
    2. Brown, K. A. (2016). Is apology the best policy? An experimental examination of the effectiveness of image repair strategies during criminal and noncriminal athlete transgressions. Communication & Sport, 4(1), 23-42.
    3. Carron, A. V. (1978). Role behavior and the coach-athlete interaction. International Review of Sport Sociology, 13(2), 51-65.
    4. Cowden, R. G., Joynt, S., Crust, L., Hook, J. N., and Worthington, E. L. (2018). How do mentally tough athletes overcome self-directed anger, shame, and criticism? A self-forgiveness mediation analysis.
    5. DiFonzo, N., Alongi, A., & Wiele, P. (2020). Apology, Restitution, and Forgiveness After Psychological Contract Breach. Journal of Business Ethics, 161(1), 53-69.
    6. Emanifar, H. Fatemi, J. Amini, F. (2012). Forgiveness from the Perspective of Psychology and the Holy Quran, Religious Human Research, 9 (27), 175-149. Persian
    7. Fehr, R., & Gelfand, M. J. (2012). The forgiving organization: A multilevel model of forgiveness at work. Academy of Management Review, 37(4), 664-688.
    8. Frandsen, F., & Johansen, W. (2007). The apology of a sports icon: Crisis communication and apologetic ethics. HERMES-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, (38), 85-104.
    9. Haigh, M. M., & Dardis, F. (2012). The impact of apology on organization–public relationships and perceptions of corporate social responsibility. Public Relations Journal, 6(1), 1-16.
    10. Keen, M. (2020). Chivalry. Manchester University Press.
    11. Lee, E., Kim, S. W., Kim, J. J., & Enright, R. D. (2017). Family conflict and forgiveness among survivors of suicide. Journal of loss and trauma, 22(8), 689-697.
    12. Li, B., Scott, O. K., Sharpe, S., Xu, Q., & Naraine, M. (2019). “Clean Athlete” or “Drug Cheat and a Jerk”? A Comparative Analysis of the Framing of an Athlete Conflict in Australian and Chinese Print Media. International Journal of Sport Communication, 1(aop), 1-21.
    13. Litchfield, C. (2018). ‘I just hope people can forgive me’: Australian women athletes, apologies and image restoration at the Rio Olympic Games. Leisure Studies, 37(4), 411-423.
    14. Rainey, C. A. (2008). Are Individual Forgiveness Interventions for Adults More Effective than Group Interventions? A Meta-Analysis.
    15. Rajabipor, A., Alhosini, M., Sabokro, M., and Solhjo, F. (2019). Contemplation on the concept of apology and its role in the organization, National Conference on Futurology, Sustainable Management and Development, Tehran, Permanent Secretariat of the Conference, 12-1. Persian
    16. Rhodes, E., and Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2018). Toward a Theory of Organizational Apology: Evidence from the United States and China. Academy of Management Proceedings.
    17. Russell, D. (2018). Disclosure and apology: Nursing and risk management working together. Nursing management, 49(6), 17-19.
    18. Salvador, R. (2019). Perceived forgiveness climate and punishment of ethical misconduct. Management Decision.
    19. Seko, S., Yagi, T., Motegi, M., and Muto, S. (2011). Group recommendation using feature space representing behavioral tendency and power balance among members. In Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Recommender systems (pp. 101-108).
    20. Tang, S., & Gray, K. (2018). CEOs imbue organizations with feelings, increasing punishment satisfaction and apology effectiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 115-125.
    21. Yang, A., & Bentley, J. (2017). A balance theory approach to stakeholder network and apology strategy. Public Relations Review, 43(2), 267-277.
    22. ZAHED, B. A., Ghasempour, A., Hasanzadeh, S., & Akbari, E. (2012). The relationship between psychological hardiness and forgivenes and hope in athletes. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 11(5), 449-460

Sport Psychology Studies
Volume 9, Issue 34 - Serial Number 34
February 2021
Pages 85-102

  • Receive Date 01 June 2020
  • Revise Date 30 September 2020
  • Accept Date 10 October 2020