Predicting Exercise Addiction Based on Stress, Perfectionism, and Self-handicapping in Athletic Students

Document Type : Original research

Authors

1 shahidbeheshtiuniversity

2 shahidbeheshti university

3 shahid beheshti university

Abstract

The purpose of study was to predict exercise addiction based on perfectionism, self-handicapping behavior, and stress. A sample of 169 students was selected by convenience sampling. Research tools included exercise addition inventory, Anxiety and Depression Anxiety Questionnaire, sport multidimensional perfectionism scale -2, and self-handicapping behavior Scale. Data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The results showed that self-handicapping, perfectionism and stress in the model had the ability to predict exercise addiction. In addition, the results showed, there was a significant positive relation between self-handicapping behavior with exercise addiction, perfectionism and exercise addiction, and stress and exercise addiction. Therfore, it must consider perfectionism, self-handicapping behavior, and stress behaviour to manage exercise addition.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Adkins, K. K., & Parker, W. (1996). Perfectionism and suicidal preoccupation. Journal of Personality, 64(2), 529-543.
  2. Alam,S ., Rafiei, S., & Kasizadeh, M. (2016). The relationship of perfectionism with competitive anxiety and athletic burnout of taekwondo men in the Iranian Premier League. Studies in Sport Psychology, (15), 65-78. (In Persian).
  3. Berger, B. G., & Tobar, D. A. (2019). Moving away from counterproductive thoughts in exercise settings: Perfectionism, self-talk, self-handicapping, and social loafing. In M. H. Anshel, S. J. Petruzzello, & E. E. Labbé (Eds.), APA handbooks in psychology series. APA handbook of sport and exercise psychology (Vol. 2. Exercise psychology) (pp. 387–407). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  4. Bircher, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kasos, K., Demetrovics, Z., & Szabo, A. (2017). Exercise addiction and personality: a two-decade systematic review of the empirical literature (1995-2015). Baltic Journal of Sports and Health

 

Sciences, 3(106), 19-33.

  1. Costa, S., & Oliva, P. (2012). Examining relationship between personality characteristics and exercise dependence. Review of Psychology, 19(1), 5-11.
  2. Çakın, G., Juwono, I. D., Potenza, M. N., & Szabo, A. (2021). Exercise addiction and perfectionism: a systematic review of the literature. Current Addiction Reports, 8, 144-155.
  3. Dumitru, D. C., Dumitru, T., & Maher, A. J. (2018). A systematic review of exercise addiction: Examining gender differences. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(3), 1738-1747.
  4. Egorov, A. Y., & Szabo, A. (2013). The exercise paradox: An interactional model for a clearer conceptualization of exercise addiction. Akadémiai Kiadó, co-published with Springer Science+ Business Media BV,2(4),199-208.
  5. Ferrari, J. R., & Thompson, T. (2006). Impostor fears: Links with self-presentational concerns and self-handicapping behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(2), 341-352.

 

 

 

  1. Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 119-126.
  2. Freimuth, M., Moniz, S., & Kim, S. R. (2011). Clarifying exercise addiction: Differential diagnosis, co-occurring disorders, and phases of addiction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(10), 4069-4081.
  3. Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2002). How much is too much? The development and validation of the exercise dependence scale. Psychology and Health, 17(4), 387-404.
  4. Hausenblas, H. A., & Giacobbi Jr, P. R. (2004). Relationship between exercise dependence symptoms and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1265-1273.
  5. Heidari, M., Khodapanahi, M. K., & Dehghani M. (2009). Psychometric examination of self-handicapping scale (SHS). Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 7(2), 22-30  (In Persian).
  6. Hirt, E. R., McCrea, S. M., & Kimble, C. E. (2000). Public self-focus and sex differences in behavioral self-handicapping: Does increasing self-threat still make it “just a man’s game?”  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(9), 1131-1141.
  7. Hooman, H. A. (2011). Multivarate data analysis in scientific research. Tehran: Peyk-e Farhang. (In Persian).
  8. Hoseinyan, S., & Niknam, M. (2011). the impact of cognitive-behavioral training intervention on self-disability and self-efficacy in athletic women. Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, (7),63-73 (In Persian).
  9. Hoseinyan, S., Niknam, M., & Yazdi, S. M. (2010). Relationship between perfectionism beliefs and self-handicapping behaviors in university students. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 4(2), 103-108. (In Persian).
  10. Jones, E., & Berglas, S (1978). Control of attributions about the self through self-handicapping strategies: The appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, 200–206.
  11. Khajavi, D., & Kavosiaslanshah, M. (2013). Translating the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version (Short Form-Practice Addiction). Studies in Sport Psychology, (6), 49-62. (In Persian).
  12. Khajavi, D., & Kavosi Aslanshah, M. (2013). The Relationship between sport orientation and practice addiction in championship athletes: A preliminary study. Studies in Sport Psychology, (7), 15-30. (In Persian).
  13. Khorami Nejad, A., & Jahan, F. (2020). Develop a casual model self-esteem athletes self-esteem based on psychological hardiness and perfectionism with mediating role emotional control. Sport Psychology Studies, In Press. doi: 10.22089/spsyj.2020.7678.1832. (In Persian).
  14. Kovacsik, R., Griffiths, M. D., Pontes, H. M., Soós, I., de la Vega, R., Ruíz-Barquín, R., & Szabo, A. (2019). The role of passion in exercise addiction, exercise volume, and exercise intensity in long-term exercisers. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(6),1389-1400
  15. Kuczk, K., & Treasure, D. (2005). Self-handicapping in competitive sport: Influence of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance. The Journal of Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 539550.
  16. Laki, D., Shekari, O., Mansor, M. S., & Ebrahimi, S. (2018). The relationship between academic resilience and cognitive assessment with academic disability: The mediating role of developmental emotions in transformational psychology. Iranian Psychology, 4, 55.328-441. (In Persian).
  17. Lichtenstein, M. B., Nielsen, R. O., Gudex, C., Hinze, C. J., & Jørgensen, U. (2018). Exercise addiction is associated with emotional distress in injured and non-injured regular exercisers. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 8, 33-39.
  18. Madani, Y., Tazik, S. S. H., & Amirian, A. (2015). The relationship between normal and neuroteric perfectionism with self-disability and its sub-scales in male students. Counseling Research, 14, 56.144-159 (In Persian).
  19. Majidi, , & Hosseini, F. (2019). The relationship between self-talk and self-handicapping style of soccer players. Sport Physiology,

 

2(3), 45-56. (In Persian).

  1. McNamara, J., & McCabe, M. P. (2013). Development and validation of the Exercise Dependence and Elite Athletes Scale. Performance Enhancement & Health, 2(1), 30-36.
  2. Mohammadzadeh, H., Ebrahimzadeh, S., & Sami, S. (2011). Investigation of the relationship between perfectionism, stress and burnout among male and female swimming instructors. Motor Development and Learning, (9), 129-139. (In Persian).
  3. Mousavi, A., Vaez Mousavi, M. K., & Yaghoubi, H. (2015). The role of sport perfectionism in the dimensions of psychological health and sport success of elite athletes. Studies in Sport Psychology, 12, 31-42. (In Persian).
  4. Mosewich, A. D., Crocker, P. R., Kowalski, K. C., & DeLongis, A. (2013). Applying self-compassion in sport: An intervention with women athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(5), 514-524.
  5. Pulford, B. D., Johnson , & Awaida, M. (2005). A cross-cultural study of predictors of self-handicapping in university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(4), 727-737.
  6. Pasha, R., & Bozorgian, R. (2011). The relationship between metacognition and perfectionism and self-efficacy with perceived stress in Ahvaz Islamic Azad University students. New Findings in Psychology, 6(18), 113-11. (In Persian).

 

  1. Sabegi, L., danesh, A. S., Rezabakhsh, H., & Salimynya, . (2014). Determining the predictive level of self-disability among athletic and non-athletic students in the faculty of physical education and sport sciences. Clinical and Personality Psychology, (11), 88-90. (In Persian)..
  2. Sahebi, A,. Salari, M,. Asgari, R. (2008). Validation of depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS 21) for an Iranian pupulation. Journal of Developmental Psychologist, (4), . (In Persian).
  3. Shabani, A., & Abdolmaleki, M. (2019) Forecasting the perfectionism and psychological needs regarding exercise addiction in female athlete students. Sport psychology Studies, 8(29), 61-74. (In Persian).
  4. Szabo, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2004). The exercise addiction inventory: A new brief screening tool. Addiction Research and Theory, 12(5), 489-499.
  5. Terry, A., Szabo, A., & Griffiths, M. (2019). The Exercise Addiction Inventory: A new brief screening tool. Addiction Research & Theory, 12(5), 489-499.
  6. Zamani, A., Ziedabadi, R., & Moteshareei, E. (2013). Validity and Reliability of Persian version of the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2. Sport Psychology Studies, 2(3), 118-103.(In Persian).
  7. Thompson, J. K., & Blanton, P. (1987). Energy conservation and exercise dependence: a sympathetic arousal hypothesis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,19(2).91-99.
Sport Psychology Studies
Volume 12, Issue 43
April 2023
Pages 73-96

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 July 2020
  • Revise Date: 19 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 01 January 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics