Document Type : Original research study
Authors
1 Student of Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 2- Associate Professor of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of physical activity on the causal relationship between emotional distress and leisure and social loneliness of elderly participants in leisure activities in Tehran. The statistical population of the study consisted of seniors participating in public and neighboring parks and participating in physical activities. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 221 individuals based on sample size formula of structural equations and clustered method from different regions of Tehran. The research instruments included standard questionnaires of emotional exhortation, social loneliness, leisure and physical activity questionnaire. The results of structural equation analysis indicated that physical activity as a moderator had a significant and negative effect on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and leisure activity. The results also indicated that physical activity had a moderating and moderating effect on the causal relationship between emotional distress and social loneliness. Exercise practitioners should increase the participation of seniors in providing appropriate conditions for seniors 'sports activities, such as equipping parks with seniors' sports and welfare facilities or planning for various activities such as morning exercise and hiking. Become sporting activities
Keywords
Main Subjects
2. Andres, F., Castanier, C., & Le Scanff, C. (2014). Attachment and alcohol use amongst athletes: the mediating role of conscientiousness and alexithymia. Addictive behaviors, 39(2), 487-490.
3. Balboa-Castillo, T., León-Muñoz, L. M., Graciani, A., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., & Guallar-Castillón, P. (2011). Longitudinal association of physical activity and sedentary behavior during leisure time with health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. Health and quality of life outcomes, 9(1), 47.
4. Bamonti, P. M., Heisel, M. J., Topciu, R. A., Franus, N., Talbot, N. L., & Duberstein, P. R. (2010). Association ofalexithymia and depression symptom severity in adults aged 50 years and older. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(1), 51-56.
5. Barnett, I., Guell, C., & Ogilvie, D. (2012). The experience of physical activity and the transition to retirement: a systematic review and integrative synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 97.
6. Becofsky, K., Baruth, M., & Wilcox, S. (2016). Physical activity mediates the relationship between program participation and improved mental health in older adults. Public Health, 132, 64-71.
7. Bethany, K. H. (2005). Effects of Selected Exercise Modalities on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Responses in the Elderly.
8. Campagne, D. M. (2019). Stress and perceived social isolation (loneliness). Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 82, 192-199.
9. Diehl, K., Jansen, C., Ishchanova, K., & Hilger-Kolb, J. (2018). Loneliness at universities: determinants of emotional and social loneliness among students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(9), 1865.
10. Fogelholm, M. (2010). Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic review. Obesity reviews, 11(3), 202-221.
11. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433.
12. Hardy, R., Cooper, R., Sayer, A. A., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Cooper, C., Deary, I. J., . . . McNeill, G. (2013). Body mass index, muscle strength and physical performance in older adults from eight cohort studies: the HALCyon programme. PloS one, 8(2), e56483.
13. Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial management & data systems.
14. Jongen, S., Axmacher, N., Kremers, N. A., Hoffmann, H., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Traue, H. C., & Kessler, H. (2014). An investigation of facial emotion recognition impairments in alexithymia and its neural correlates. Behavioural brain research, 271, 129-139.
15. Joyce, A. S., Fujiwara, E., Cristall, M., Ruddy, C., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2013). Clinical correlates of alexithymia among patients with personality disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 23(6), 690-704.
16. Kapur, R. (2019). Status of Women in Post-Independence India. Researchgate. Source-https://www. researchgate. net/publication/330220960_Status_of_Women_in_Post-Independence_India.
17. Khaledan, a. (2001). The Effect of Exercise Exercise on Physiological and Functional Abilities of Older People and Life Expectancy. Movement Magazine, 87-107
18. Khaleoghlioskoee, D. (2017). Satisfaction with the quality of park services from the perspective of seniors and middle-aged people in Tabriz. M.Sc., Islamic Azad University, Sardrood Branch.
19. Medina-Porqueres, I., Romero-Galisteo, R. P., Gálvez-Ruiz, P., Moreno-Morales, N., Sánchez-Guerrero, E., Cuesta-Vargas, J. S., & Barón-López, F. (2016). Alexitimia y depresión en mayores que practican actividad física dirigida. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 5(3), 36-48.
20. Motahari, M., T. (2020). The Role of Alexithymia, Communication Problems and Brain-Behavioral Systems in prediction of Mobile Addiction in adolescents. Thesis for Degree (M.A)(The field of General Psychology).
21. Payne, W., Reynolds, M., Brown, S., & Fleming, A. (2003). Sports role models and their impact on participation in physical activity: a literature review. Victoria: VicHealth, 74, 1-55.
22. Prioli, A. C., Júnior, P. B. F., & Barela, J. A. (2005). Physical activity and postural control in the elderly: coupling between visual information and body sway. Gerontology, 51(3), 145-148.
23. Psederska, E., Savov, S., Atanassov, N., & Vassileva, J. (2019). Relationships between alexithymia and psychopathy in heroin dependent individuals. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2269.
24. Samur, D., Tops, M., Schlinkert, C., Quirin, M., Cuijpers, P., & Koole, S. L. (2013). Four decades of research on alexithymia: moving toward clinical applications. Frontiers in psychology, 4, 861.
25. Savikko, N., Routasalo, P., Tilvis, R., & Pitkälä, K. (2010). Psychosocial group rehabilitation for lonely older people: favourable processes and mediating factors of the intervention leading to alleviated loneliness. International journal of older people nursing, 5(1), 16-24.
26. Sun, F., Norman, I. J., & While, A. E. (2013). Physical activity in older people: a systematic review. BMC public health, 13(1), 449.
27. Taylor, A. H., Cable, N. T., Faulkner, G., Hillsdon, M., Narici, M., & Van Der Bij, A. K. (2004). Physical activity and older adults: a review of health benefits and the effectiveness of interventions. Journal of sports sciences, 22(8), 703-725.
28. Topsever, P., Filiz, T., Salman, S., Sengul, A., Sarac, E., Topalli, R., . . . Yilmaz, T. (2006). Alexithymia in diabetes mellitus. Scottish medical journal, 51(3), 15-20.
29. van Beljouw, I. M., van Exel, E., de Jong Gierveld, J., Comijs, H. C., Heerings, M., Stek, M. L., & Van Marwijk, H. (2014). Being all alone makes me sad”: loneliness in older adults with depressive symptoms. International psychogeriatrics, 26(9), 1541-1551.
30. Vogel-Walcutt, J. J., Fiorella, L., Carper, T., & Schatz, S. (2012). The definition, assessment, and mitigation of state boredom within educational settings: A comprehensive review. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1), 89-111.
31. Woodman, T., Cazenave, N., & Le Scanff, C. (2008). Skydiving as emotion regulation: The rise and fall of anxiety is moderated by alexithymia. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 30(3), 424-433.
32. Zekioglu, A., Çam, F. S., Mutlutürk, N., Berdeli, A., & Çolakoglu, M. (2014). Analysis of physical activity intensity, alexithymia, and the COMT Val 158 met gene polymorphism. International Journal of Human Genetics, 14(1), 43-48.
33. Khalidan & Asghar, d. (2000). The effect of exercise on the physiological and functional capabilities of the elderly and longevity. Movement, 5 (5).
34. Hooman, Ali, H., & Asgari. (1995). Factor analysis: its difficulties and bottlenecks. Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 35 (2)
)