Document Type : Original research study

Authors

1 Department of Sport Management , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , Shahrood University of Technology , Shahrood , Iran

2 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

Abstract

The global outbreak of COVID-19 was a sudden public reminder which the viral diseases are a constant threat to human health. Especially in the case of new and re-emerging illnesses, which pose a constant threat to the global health-care system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Covid-19 concerns on the depression of Athlete Students with the Modifying Role of Teammate social connectedness. This is a descriptive-correlational study conducted using the field research method. Its statistical population consisted of student-athletes from region 9 of Iran. Using G*Power, the statistical sample was determined 146 people selected by available sampling. (PROMIS) Depression Questionnaire and the Teammate social connectedness and Covid-19 Concerns Questionnaire (Graupensperger, & et al) were used to collect data after their validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The study revealed that Covid-19 concern has a Positive and significant relationship on the student-athletes depression. Furthermore, Teammate social connectedness, In addition to the negative and significant relationship with athletes' depression, played a modifying role in the relationship between Covid-19 concern and student-athletes' depression and undermined this relationship. According to this study's findings, the athlete students are also exposed to major psychotherapy and psychological issues during the Corona era; thus, simple preventive strategies like social distancing while creating a teammate social connectedness system may be an important tool to combat depression during COVID-19.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Abadi, T. S. H., Askari, M., Miri, K., & Nia, M. N. (2020). Depression, stress and anxiety of nurses in COVID-19 pandemic in Nohe-Dey Hospital in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh city, Iran. Journal of Military Medicine, 22(6), 526-533.‏ (In Persian)
  2. Akter, S., D'ambra, J., & Ray, P. (2011). An evaluation of PLS based complex models: the roles of power analysis, predictive relevance and GoF index.‏

 

  1. Allen, J. B. (2003). Social motivation in youth sport. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 25(4), 551-567.‏
  2. Ariapooran, S., & Mousavi, S. V. (2021). Corona Disease Anxiety in Bodybuilding Athletes: The Role of Sport Mindfulness and Mental Toughness. Sport Psychology Studies (ie, mutaleat ravanshenasi varzeshi).‏ (In Persian)
  3. Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.‏

 

  1. Bustin, S., Vahidifard, M., & Biranvand, H. (2020). Covid-19 and its Psychological Consequences. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ), 9(7), 35-44.‏ In Persian
  2. Cella, D., Riley, W., Stone, A., Rothrock, N., Reeve, B., Yount, S., & PROMIS Cooperative Group. (2010). The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005–2008. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 63(11), 1179-1194.
  3. Cutler, J. L. (2016). Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 22(1), 68-69.
  4. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior research methods, 41(4), 1149-1160.
  5. Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. (1981) “Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error.” Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1): 39-50.
  6. Frank, A., Fatke, B., Frank, W., Förstl, H., & Hölzle, P. (2020). Depression, dependence and prices of the COVID-19-Crisis. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 99. ‏(in persian)
  7. Gewin,V. (2020). Five tips for moving teaching online as COVID-19 takes hold. Nature, 580(7802), 295-296.‏
  8. Ghabel Damirchi, B., Dabbagh, H., Khanjani, G., & Gharayagh Zandi, H. (2020). The Relationship between Exercise Addiction and Depression of Elite Athletes during Quarantine and Closure of Sports Venues and Events due to Corona Virus (Covid-19). journal of motor and behavioral sciences, 3(4).‏ In Persian
  9. Ghasemy, M., Teeroovengadum, V., Becker, J. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2020). This fast car can move faster: a review of PLS-SEM application in higher education research. Higher education, 80(6), 1121-1152.‏ (in Persian)
  10. Graupensperger, S., Benson, A. J., Kilmer, J. R., & Evans, M. B. (2020). Social (un) distancing: teammate interactions, athletic identity, and mental health of student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(5), 662-670.‏
  11. Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS medicine, 7(7), e1000316.
  12. January, J., Madhombiro, M., Chipamaunga, S., Ray, S., Chingono, A., & Abas, M. (2018). Prevalence of depression and anxiety among undergraduate university students in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. Systematic reviews, 7(1), 1-5.‏

 

 

 

  1. Jukic, I., Calleja-González, J., Cos, F., Cuzzolin, F., Olmo, J., Terrados, N., ... & Alcaraz, P. E. (2020). Strategies and solutions for team sports athletes in isolation due to COVID-19. Sports. 2020; 8 (4): 56.‏
  2. Kaçoğlu, C., Çobanoğlu, H. O., & Şahin, E. (2021). An investigation of fear of COVID-19 status in university student athletes from different sports associated with contact. Physical education of students, 25(2), 117-128.‏
  3. Kebede, M. A., Anbessie, B., & Ayano, G. (2019). Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among medical students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International journal of mental health systems, 13(1), 30.‏
  4. Kessler, R. C., & Bromet, E. J. (2013). The epidemiology of depression across cultures. Annual review of public health, 34, 119-138.‏  
  5. Komer, L. (2020). COVID-19 amongst the pandemic of medical student mental health. International Journal of Medical Students, 8(1), 56-57.‏
  6. Krieger, T., Berger, T., & grosse Holtforth, M. (2016). The relationship of self-compassion and depression: Cross-lagged panel analyses in depressed patients after outpatient therapy. Journal of affective disorders, 202, 39-45.‏
  7. Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-

 

19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 55(3), 105924.‏

  1. Liu, X., Na, R. S., & Bi, Z. Q. (2020). Challenges to prevent and control the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19). Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi, 41, E029-E029.‏ 
  2. Messner, M. A. (1992). Like family: Power, intimacy, and sexuality in male athletes’ friendships. In P. M. Nardi (Ed.), Men’s friendships (pp. 215– 237). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  3. Nishimura, Y., Ochi, K., Tokumasu, K., Obika, M., Hagiya, H., Kataoka, H., & Otsuka, F. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological distress of medical students in Japan: cross-sectional survey study. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(2), e25232.‏
  4. Pillay, L., van Rensburg, D. C. C. J., van Rensburg, A. J., Ramagole, D. A., Holtzhausen, L., Dijkstra, H. P., & Cronje, T. (2020). Nowhere to hide: the significant impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures on elite and semi-elite South African athletes. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 23(7), 670-679.‏ 
  5. Raabe, J., & Zakrajsek, R. A. (2017). Coaches and teammates as social agents for collegiate athletes’ basic psychological need satisfaction. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 10(1), 67-82.‏

 

 

  1. safania, P., safania, A., Aryadoost, H. (2020). Investigating the educational and physiological structures of Corona crisis in the sport industry. Educational Psychology, 16(55),95-108. (in persian)  
  2. Saint Onge, J. M., Krueger, P. M., & Rogers, R. G. (2014). The relationship between major depression and nonsuicide mortality for US adults: the importance of health behaviors. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(4), 622-632.‏
  3. Schrack-Walters, A., O’Donnell, K. A., & Wardlow, D. L. (2009). Deconstructing the myth of the monolithic male athlete: A qualitative study of men’s participation in athletics. Sex Roles, 60(1-2), 81.‏
  4. Shahed-HaghGhadam, H., Fathi Ashtiani, A., Rahnejat, A. M., Ahmadi Tahour Soltani, M., Taghva, A., Ebrahimi, M. R., Donyavi, V., & Jahandari, P. (2020). Psychological Consequences and Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Narrative Review. Journal of Marine Medicine, 2(1), 1-11.‏ (In Persian)
  5. Shahyad, S. H. I. M. A., & Mohammadi, M. T. (2020). Psychological impacts of Covid-19 outbreak on mental health status of society individuals: a narrative review. Journal of Military Medicine, 22(2), 184-192.‏ (In Persian)
  6. Shepherd, H. A., Evans, T., Gupta, S., McDonough, M. H., Doyle-Baker, P., Belton, K. L., ... & Black, A. M. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on High School Student-Athlete Experiences with Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Social Connection. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3515.‏
  7. Soheili, F., Malekian, N. (2020). The study mental health in the type of virtual communication and providing a model for social network users. New Media Studies, 6(23), 169-203. (in Persian)
  8. Stewart-Brown, S., Evans, J., Patterson, J., Petersen, S., Doll, H., Balding, J., & Regis, D. (2000). The health of students in institutes of higher education: an important and neglected public health problem?. Journal of Public Health, 22(4), 492-499.‏
  9. Sullivan, P. J., & Gee, C. J. (2007). The relationship between athletic satisfaction and intrateam communication. Group dynamics: theory, research, and practice, 11(2), 107.‏
  10. Toresdahl, B. G., & Asif, I. M. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete. Sports Health, 12 (3), 221–224.‏
  11. Vahia, V. N. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5: A quick glance. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(3), 220.‏

 

 

  1. Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Wang, H. Z., & Gaskin, J. (2015). Predicting social networking site (SNS) use: Personality, attitudes, motivation and internet self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 80, 119-124.‏
  2. Zhao, S., & Chen, H. (2020). Modeling the epidemic dynamics and control of COVID-19 outbreak in China. Quantitative biology (Beijing, China), 1.‏
  3. Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., ... & Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England journal of medicine.‏