Document Type : Original research study
Authors
1 Allameh Tabataba’i University
2 Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Allameh Tabatabai University
Abstract
Abstract
Self-compassion has effects as a powerful source of regulating and controlling the emotional behaviors of athletes. The purpose of the present study was to study the Shafqat program on the mental toughness of basketball athletes. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The participants included 24 basketball players from Zanjan city who were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12 experimental (average age: 20.83 ± 1.27) and control (average age: 21.58 ± 1.24)) putting up. The 6-week group was trained in the self-compassion program with various video, audio and written exercises, and the control group did not have any intervention. Data were analyzed through SPSS 24 software and univariate covariance analysis at a significance level of 0.01. The results showed that with pre-test score control, there is a significant difference between the mental toughness scores of the two experimental and control groups. This means that training Self-compassion increases the mental toughness of basketball players.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Agrapta, K., Toendan, K., & Centauri, B. (2022). Effect of the use of e-learning based on the Skype application on students' learning outcomes at YPSEI vocational school. Palangka Raya, in academic year 2020/2021.
- Anthony, D. R., Gucciardi, D. F., & Gordon, S. (2016). A meta-study of qualitative research on mental toughness development. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9, 160-190.
- Barczak, N., & Eklund, R. C. (2018). The moderating effect of self-compassion on relationships between performance and subsequent coping and motivation. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(2), 1-13.
- Brown, D. J., & Fletcher, D. (2017). Effects of psychological and psychosocial interventions on sport performance: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(1), 77–99.
- Deniz, M. E. (2021). Self-compassion, intolerance of uncertainty, fear of COVID- 19, and well-being: A serial mediation investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 177, 110824.
- Flegar, A. (2021). Enhancing self-compassion in athletes: A feasibility study of an online self-compassion program for athlete mindfulness, anxiety and performance (Doctoral dissertation). University of Ottawa.
- Gucciardi, D. F. (2017). Mental toughness: Progress and prospects. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 17-23.
- Gunnell, K. E., Mosewich, A. D., McEwen, C. E., Eklund, R. C., & Crocker, P. R. (2017). Don't be so hard on yourself! Changes in self-compassion during the first year of university are associated with changes in well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 107, 43-48.
- Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2005). Organizational stress in competitive sport: More than we bargained for? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 36(4), 273–283.
- Hope, N., Koestner, R., & Milyavskaya, M. (2014). The role of self-compassion in goal pursuit and well-being among university freshmen. Self-Identity, 13(5), 579-593.
- Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 205-218.
- Mahoney, J. W., Gucciardi, D. F., Ntoumanis, N., & Mallet, C. J. (2014). Mental toughness in sport: Motivational antecedents and associations with performance and psychological health. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(3), 281-292
- Maranan, M., & Lopez, A. (2020). Exploring the link between athletic identity, self-compassion, communication, and mental toughness of table tennis student-athletes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science, 3(1), 1-9.
- Mohebi, M., Zarei, S., & Zandi, H. G. (2020). The relationship between self-compassion and fear of failure in adolescent female taekwondo athletes. Sport Psychology, 5(1), 13-26.
- Moradhasheti, M., & Fathi Aghdam, Q. (2019). Comparison of spiritual well-being, psychological toughness and self-compassion in married people in the third decade of life and the fifth decade of life. Paper presented at the 8th National Conference on Sustainable Development in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Studies, Tehran.
- Neff, K., & Germer, C. (2018). The mindful self-compassion workbook: A proven way to accept yourself, build inner strength, and thrive: New York: Guilford Publications.
- Neff, K. D. (2020). Commentary on Muris and Otgaar (2020): let the empirical evidence speak on the self-compassion scale. Mindfulness, 11, 1900-1909.
- Noetel, M., Ciarrochi, J., Van Zanden, B., & Lonsdale, C. (2019). Mindfulness and acceptance approaches to sporting performance enhancement: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(1), 139-175.
- Nojavan Kanmiran, N., Soleimani, I., & Issazadegan, A. (2022). The efficacy of compassion therapy intervention on lifestyle and emotional processing of addicts in the non-drug rehabilitation phase. Journal of Psychological Science. 21(119), 2123-2144.
- Onggirawan, C. A., Kho, J. M., Kartiwa, A. P., & Gunawan, A. A. (2023). Systematic literature review: The adaptation of distance learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic using virtual educational spaces in metaverse. Procedia Computer Science, 216, 274-283.
- Pang H, Li W, Pu K, Huang (2020). Research on the main psychological factors in fluencing basketball players' Athletic performance: The importance of psychological Quality. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 29(5), 491.
- Putranto, J. S., Heriyanto, J., Achmad, S., & Kurniawan, A. (2023). Implementation of virtual reality technology for sports education and training: Systematic literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 216, 293-300.
- Reisiee, H., Sharifi, T., Ghazanfari, A., & Chorami, M. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy and psychological capital training on stress tolerance and emotional self-regulation. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 18(4), 481-492
- Rezaee, R., & Gharayagh Zandi, H. (2023). Investigating the effect of teaching self-compassion strategies on athletes' compassion and mindfulness. Journal of Motor and Behavioral Sciences, 5(4), 481-492.
- Sharifi, T., Ghazanfari, A., & Chorami, M. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy and psychological capital training on stress tolerance and emotional self-regulation. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 18(4), 481-492.
- Takahashi, T., Sugiyama, F., Kikai, T., Kawashima, I., Guan, S., Oguchi, M., et al. (2019). Changes in depression and anxiety through mindfulness group therapy in Japan: The role of mindfulness and self-compassion as possible mediators. Biopsychosocial Medicine, 13(1), 1-10.