Document Type : Original research study
Authors
1 Assistant professor of physical education Department. Islamic Azad University.Tehran.Iran
2 Master of Physical Education, North Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Life skills can be considered as a set of abilities that provide the ground for adaptation and positive and useful behavior. Therefore, due to the importance of addressing an important issue such as life skills in sports, the present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the coaching life skills questionnaire in order to standardize this tool in the country. The present study is one of the applied researches and tool development which was field-based in terms of data collection and non-experimental in terms of controlling variables. For this purpose, 370 sports coaches in Tehran were randomly selected (available) and completed a questionnaire. After the translation-re-translation technique and confirmation of the face validity of the questionnaire by three experts, the initial review of the questionnaire was performed to eliminate minor problems. Confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation model, internal consistency of the questionnaire, Bernbach's alpha coefficient and correlation coefficient using test-retest were used to determine the validity of the factor structure of the questionnaire. The results showed that the coaching life skills questionnaire in sports was approved. The questionnaire also had the indicators of absolute fitness, internal consistency and acceptable stability, which indicated good validity and reliability. The results showed that the selected references for measuring the components of coaching life skills in sports have the necessary validity and can well assess the life skills of coaching in sports..
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Bean, C., Kramers, S., Camiré, M., Fraser-Thomas, J., & Forneris, T. (2018). Development of an observational measure assessing program quality processes in youth sport. Cogent Social Sciences, 4(1), 1–35.
- Bean, C., Forneris, T., & Brunet, J. (2016). Investigating discrepancies in program quality related to youth volleyball athletes’ needs support. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 154–163.
- Bean, C., & Forneris, T. (2017). Is life skill development a by-product of sport participation? Perceptions of youth sport coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(2), 234.
- Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). 543 Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 1–18.
- Bowers, E. P., Johnson, S. K., Buckingham, M. H., Gasca, S., Warren, D. J., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2014). Important non-parental adults and positive youth development across mid- to late-adolescence: The moderating effect of parenting profiles. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 43, 897–918.
- Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. London: Guilford Publications.
- Camiré, M., Turgeon, S., Kramers, S., Rathwell, S., Bean, C., Sabourin, C., & Pierce, S. (2021). Development and initial validation of the Coaching Life Skills in Sport Questionnaire. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 53, 101845.
- Camiré, M. (2015). Being a teacher-coach in Ontario high schools: Challenges and recommendations. PHEnex Journal, 7(1), 1–15.
- Cronin, L., Allen, J., Ellison, P., Marchant, D., Levy, A., & Harwood, C. (2021). Development and initial validation of the life skills ability scale for higher education students. Studies in Higher Education, 46(6), 1011-1024.
- Cronin, L. D., & Allen, J. (2017). Development and initial validation of the Life Skills Scale for Sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 105–119.
- Steven, J., Danish, T., & Ian, W. (2005) Sport-based life skills programming in the schools. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 21(2), 41-62.
- Danish, S. J., Forneris, T., Hodge, K., & Heke, I. (2004). Enhancing youth development through sport. World Leisure Journal, 46(3), 38–49.
- Gould, D., & Carson, S. (2008). Life skills development through sport: Current status and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1), 58–78.
- Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172-204.
- Holt, N. L. (Ed.). (2016). Positive youth development through sport (2nd). New York: Routledge.
- Holt, N. L., Neely, K. C., Slater, L. G., Camiré, M., Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J., ..., & Tamminen, K. A. A (2017). Grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 1–49.
- Kolaric, B. (2004). An examination of coaches and their effort to maximize team: Cohesion and team satisfaction. Saint Anselm Psychology Department Senior Theses.
- Lim, T. H., Kwon, O. J., Yang, Y. K., Yun, M. S., & Bae, J. S. (2019). Validation of the Korean Life Skills Scale for Sport (KLSSS) Korean Journal of Sport Science, 30(1), 20-33.
- Malek Akhlagh E., Dorostkar Ahmadi N., Mehdizade M., Akhavan Tavakoli N. (2015). Determining critical criteria of coach selection by Fuzzy Delphi method and choosing the best coach using developed TOPSIS technique (Case study: Guilan's Damash Sports Club). Sport Management & Development, 3(2), 105-128.
- Monazami, A. H., Soukhte Zari, S., Hadadi, F., Rostami Nejad, M., Goudarzi, M., Ashrafi Hafez, A. (2013). The codification of criteria for selecting national Volleyball coaches. Applied Research in Sport Management, 2(2), 109-118. (In Persian).
- Mossman, G. J., Robertson, C., Williamson, B., & Cronin, L. (2021). Development and initial validation of the Life Skills Scale for Sport–Transfer Scale (LSSS-TS). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 54, 1-75.
- Nascimento-Junior, J. R. A. D., Fortes, L. D. S., Freire, G. L. M., Oliveira, D. V. D., Fiorese, L., & Cronin, L. D. (2020). Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the life skills scale for sport. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 24(1), 11-24.
- Pierce, S., Gould, D. R., & Camiré, M. (2017). Definition and model of life skills transfer. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 186–211.
- Shams, A., & Shamsipour Dehkordi, P. (2017). Psychometric Properties of Sport Imagery Questionnaire among Iranian National Team’s Athletes. Motor Behavior, 9(28), 17-36. (In Persian).
- Shamshadi, H., Shams, A., Sahaf, R., Shamsipour Dehkordi, P., Zareian, H., & Moslem, A. R. (2020). Psychometric properties of Persian Version of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) Among Iranian Elderly. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 15(3), 298-311. (In Persian).
- Turnnidge, J., Côté, J., & Hancock, D. J. (2014). Positive youth development from sport to life: Explicit or implicit transfer? Quest, 66(2), 203–217.
- Van Boekel, M., Bulut, O., Stanke, L., Palma Zamora, J. R., Jang, Y., Kang, Y., & Nickodem, K. (2016). Effects of participation in school sports on academic and social functioning. Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 46, 31–40.
- Weiss, M. R., Bolter, N. D., & Kipp, L. E. (2014). Assessing impact of physical activity-based youth development programs: Validation of the Life Skills Transfer Survey (LSTS). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85(3), 263–278.
)