Sport Psychology Studies

Sport Psychology Studies

Effect of the consequence memory training program on youth working memory performance: Mediating role of laterality

Document Type : Original research

Authors
Mahbobeh khangholi 1
mehdi NamaziZadeh 1
sadegh Nasri 2
Mohammad VaezMousavi 3
1 Islamic Azad University
2 Associate professor at Shahid Rajee University
3 Imam Housain University
10.22089/spsyj.2021.9849.2079
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the consequence memory training program on youth working memory performance and to investigate the mediating role of laterality. The statistical sample of this study also includes 60 young women on the right and left hands that were selected based on entry and exit criteria and randomly divided into four groups. The tasks used in the present study included the alternative serial reaction time task, the Wechsler memory scale, third edition, and the Back-N working memory test. Subjects participated in pre-test, acquisition test, immediate retention test and 48 hours later in delayed retention test. Results showed that there are significant differences between the performances of working memory in the pre-test stage with each of the stages. Comparison of the groups in working memory performance showed that the subjects of the left-handed experimental groups had better working memory performance in all stages than the subjects of the other groups. The results of the present study showed that the left individuals had better performance in working memory, so it is suggested that trainers pay special attention to the issue of laterality for training and performance of motor skills.
Keywords
Working Memory
Laterality
Youth
Test Stages
Subjects
  1. Annett J., Annett M., Hudson P.T.W., Turner A. (1979). The Control of Movement in the Preferred and Non-Preferred Hands. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 31(4):641-652.
  2. Armstrong C.A., Oldham J.A. (1999). A Comparison of Dominant and Non-Dominant Hand Strengths. Journal of Hand Surgery. 24(4):421-425.
  3. Aziz-Zadeh, L., Koski, L., Zaidel, E., Mazziotta, J., & Iacoboni, M. (2006). Lateralization of the human mirror neuron system. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 2964–2970.
  4.  

 

 
  1. Baddeley, A.D., Thompson, N., and Buchanan, M. (1975). Word Length and the Structure of Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour I: 575-589.
  2. Berry, D.C., Broadbent, D.E. (1987). The combination of explicit and implicit learning processes in task control. Psychological Research, 49, 7–15.
  3. Berlucchi, G., Aglioti, S., Tassinari, G. (1994). The role of the corpus callosum and bilaterally distributed motor pathways in the synchronization of bilateral upper-limb responses to lateralized light stimuli. Neural, dynamical, and cognitive constraints (pp. 209–227). San Diego, CA, US: Academic Press.
  4. Besharat M. (2009). Reliability and validity of a short form of the mental health inventory in an Iranian population. Sci J for Med.; 15 (2): 87-91.
  5. Boles D.B., Barth J.M., Merrill E.C. (2008). Asymmetry and performance: Toward a neurodevelopmental theory. Brain & Cognition, 66(2): 124-139.
  6. Bryden MP. (1979). Measuring handedness with questionnaires. Neuropsychologia, 15: 617–624.
  7. Coelho C.J., Przybyla J., Yadav A., Robert L.S. (2013). Hemispheric differences in the control of limb dynamics: a link between arm performance asymmetries and arm selection patterns. J Neurophysiology, 109: 825–838.
  8. Ellenbuerger, T., Boutin, A., Panzer, S., Blandin, Y., Schorer, J., Fischer, L., Shea, C. H. (2012). Observational training in visual half-fields and the coding of movement sequences. Human Movement Science, 31, 1436–1448.
  9. Galea J.M., Albert N.B., Ditye T., Miall R.C. (2010) Disruption of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex facilitates the consolidation of procedural skills. J Cog Neurosci. 22: 1158–64.
  10. Gooijers, J., Swinnen, S. (2014). Interactions between brain structure and behavior: The corpus callosum and bimanual coordination. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 43, 1–19.
  11. Haaland, K. Y., Elsinger, C. L., Mayer, A. R., Durgerian, S., Rao, S. M. (2004). Motor sequence complexity and performing hand produce differential patterns of hemispheric lateralization. Journal of Cognition and Neuroscience, 16, 621–636.
  12. Hardyck, C., Tzeng, O. J. L., & Wang, W. S. Y. (1977). Cerebral lateralization effects in visual half-field experiments. Nature, 269, 705–707.
  13. Howard D.V, Howard J.H., Japikse K., DiYanni C., Thompson A., Somberg R. (2004) Implicit sequence learning: Effects of level of structure, adult age, and extended practice. Psychol Aging.; 19: 79–92.
  14. Kim W., Buchanan J., Gabbard C. (2011). Constraints on Arm Selection Processes When Reaching: Degrees of Freedom and Joint Amplitudes Interact to Influence Limb Selection, Motor Behavior, 43:5, 403-411.
  15. Lampard A.M., Byrne S.M., McLean N., Fursland A. (2011). Avoidance of affect in the eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 12 (1): 90-93.
  16. Leinen P, Panzer S, Shea CH. (2016). Hemispheric asymmetries of a motor memory in a recognition test after learning a movement sequence. Acta Psychol (Amst). 171:36-46.
  17. Liepmann, H. (1905). Die linke Hemisphäre und das Handeln. Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift, 49, 2375–2378.
  18. Maxwell J.P., Masters R.S.W., Eves F.F. (2003). The role of working memory in motor learning and performance, Consciousness and Cognition, 12(3): 376-402.
  19. Mutha, P. K., Haaland, K., Sainburg, R. (2012). The effects of brain lateralization on motor control and adaptation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 44, 455–469.
  20. Nemeth D, Janacsek K. (2010). The dynamics of implicit skill consolidation in young and elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. 66: 15-22.
  21. Nemeth D, Janacsek K, Londe Z, Ullman M T, Howard D, Howard J. (2011). Sleep has no critical role in implicit motor sequence learning in young and old adults. Experimental Brain Research. 201: 351-8.
  22. Peters M, Reimers S, Manning JT. (2006). Hand preference for writing and associations with selected demographic and behavioral variables in 255200 subjects: The BBC Internet study. Brain Cogn. 62:177-89.
  23. Romano J.C., Howard J.H., Howard D.V. (2011). One-year retention of general and sequence specific skills in a probabilistic, serial reaction time task. Memory, 18(4): 427-41.
  24. Sainburg RL, Kalakanis D. (2000). Differences in control of limb dynamics during dominant and non-dominant arm reaching. J Neurophysiol 83: 2661–2675.
  25. Sainburg, R. L. (2005). Handedness: Differential specializations for control of trajectory and position. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 33, 206–213.
  26. Samimi Z, Ramesh S, Afzoon J, Kazemi Rezaei A. (2017). The Effectiveness of Emotional Working Memory Training on improvement memory of adolescents with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder; Iranian Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 5 (1) :61-70. (In Persian)
  27. Sander M.C., Maier P.M., Napiórkowski N., Finke K., Töllner T., Müller H.J., Lindenberger U., Werkle-Bergner M., Wiegand I. (2019). Age Differences in Hemispheric Lateralization in Spatial and Verbal Visual Working Memory. https://doi.org/10.1101/577858doi:
  28. Schmidt, R. A., Lee, T. D. (2011). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis. Published by United States: Human kinetics.
  29. Schmitz, R., Pasquali, A., Cleeremans, A., Peigneux, P. (2013). Lateralized implicit sequence learning in uni- and bi-manual conditions. Brain and Cognition, 81, 1–9.
  30. Schumacher, E. H., Elston, P. A., D'Esposito, M. (2003). Neural evidence for representation-specific response selection. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 1111–1121.
  31. Serrien, D. J., & Sovijärvi-Spapé, M. M. (2015). Hemispheric asymmetries and the control of motor sequences. Behavioural Brain Research, 283, 30–36.
  32. Serrien, D. J., Ivry, R. B., Swinnen, S. P. (2006). Dynamics of hemispheric specialization and integration in the context of motor control. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 160–167.
  33. Shamipour Dehkordi, P., Abdoli B., NamaziZadeh, M. (2014).The role of sleep and wake on enhancement of implicit motor sequence in youth. Iranian Journal of Motor Behavior, 22: 33-54. (In Persian)
  34. Shams A. (2015). Effect of off-line time different periods on stabilization and enhancement-based consolidation process in explicit memory. Iranian Journal of Motor Behavior, 21: 127-144. (In Persian)
  35. Shamsipoor Dehkordi, (2014). Effect of immediate, recent and remote explicit motor memory on reconsolidation process and retrograde effect. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2(3): 37-48. (In Persian)
  36. Shea, C. H., Kovacs, A., Panzer, S. (2011). A review of coding and transfer of movement sequences. Frontiers in Psychology. (doi:103389/fpsyg.2011.00052(.
  37. Shipstead Z, Redick TS, Engle RW. (2012). Is working memory training effective? Psychol Bull. 138(4):628-654.
  38. Song S., James H., Howard J.R., Darlene V.H. (2007). Sleep does not benefit probabilistic motor sequence learning. Journal of Neuroscience. 27(46): 12475-83.
  39. Spira AP, Beaudreau SA, Stone KL, Kezirian EJ, Lui LY, Redline S, Ancoli-Israel S, Ensrud K, Stewart A. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 67(4): 433-9.
  40. Stoycheva P., Tiippana K. (2018). Exploring laterality and memory effects in the haptic discrimination of verbal and non-verbal shapes, Laterality, 23(6): 684-704.
  41. Thomas, K.M., Hunt, R.H., Vizueta, N., Sommer, T., Durston, S., Yang, Y., Worden, M.S., (2004). Evidence of developmental differences in implicit sequence learning: an fMRI study of children and adults. Cogn. Neurosci. 16, 1339-1351.

 

 

 

Sport Psychology Studies
Volume 13, Issue 47
Spring 2024
Pages 15-34

  • Receive Date 19 December 2020
  • Revise Date 08 March 2021
  • Accept Date 14 March 2021