Document Type : Original research study
Authors
1 Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sports Sciences- faculty of sport sciences and health-university of Tehran
2 department of sport management and motor behavior-faculty of physical education and sport sciences- kharazmi unversity
3 motor behavior departent of sport sciences faculty- Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training university- Tehran- Iran
Abstract
Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Functions of Observational Learning Questionnaire.To this end, 222 elite athletes and 165 novice athletes completed the questionnaire. After confirming the accuracy of the translation and face validity, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling with the maximum likelihood method was used to confirm construct validity. The results of AMOS software indicated that all items had acceptable and significant factor loadings with their associated factors in the measurement model, and based on various fit indices, the measurement model had a good fit. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were analyzed using SPSS software. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all athletes was 0.88. This coefficient was 0.82 for the performance subscale, 0.80 for the skill subscale, and 0.72 for the strategy subscale. The intraclass correlation coefficient from the retest of 61 athletes was 0.76 for the performance subscale, 0.73 for the skill subscale, and 0.72 for the strategy subscale, indicating acceptable internal consistency and temporal reliability. Therefore, the Persian version of the FOLQ with three subscales psychological (performance), skill, and strategy functions with 17 items was confirmed. It appears that both novice and elite athletes use modeling and observational learning to acquire psychological and sports skills, and learning strategies and tactics. Accordingly, this questionnaire can be used to assess the extent to which athletes utilize observational learning in various sports.
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