Sport Psychology Studies

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Reviewers

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Article Processing Charges (APC)

autor instruction

Forms

Peer Review Process

Comparison between the Mindfullness and Working Memory in Active and Inactive students of Urmia University

Document Type : Original research study

Authors

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the mental awareness and working memory between active and inactive students of Urmia University.  Participants were selected purposefully from physical education students and other fields of humanities. The samples included 80 students (physical education (n: 40), humanities fields (n: 40), and each group consisted of 20 males and 20 females). The Kentucky awareness Skills Inventory and N-BACK software were used to evaluate mental awareness and working memory respectively. The findings of the multi co-variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference between working memory and focusing sub-test of physical education students in comparison to the humanities students and also gender. Active students were better in the observing and describing sub-tests. In the attention and accepting sub-test, there were significant differences in gender. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the public about the mental awareness through designing and developing special programs. 

Keywords

References
  1. Aherne, C., Moran, A. P., & Lonsdale, C. (2011). The effect of mindfulness training on athletes' flow: An initial investigation. Sport Psychologist, 25(2); Pp: 177.
  2. Atchley, A. R. (2011). An examination of the effects of mindfulness and task-relevant attentional focus on running performance.
  3. Baddeley, A. D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, 56(11); Pp: 851.
  4. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3); Pp: 191-206.
  5. Bernier, M., Thienot, E., Cordon, R., & Fournier, J. F. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 25(4); Pp: 320.
  6. Behjati, Z., & Khabaz, M. (2012). Comparison of emotional working memory in depressed and non-depressed women. Culture Counseling, 3‌(9); Pp: 1-21. In Persian.
  7. Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Addressing fundamental questions about mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4); Pp: 272-281.
  8. Buchsbaum, B. R., & D’Esposito, M.  (2008). 3.13 - Short-term and working memory systems. Learning and memory: A comprehensive reference. J. H. Byrne. Oxford: Academic Press.Pp.237-260.
  9. Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B.  (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(3); Pp: 303-322.
  10. Choi, M. H., Min, Y. K., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. H., Yeon, H. W.‌, Choi, J. S., Kim, B., Min, B. C., Park J. Y., & Jun, J. H. (2013). Effects of three levels of arousal on 3-back working memory task performance. Cognitive Neuroscience, 4(1); Pp: 1-6.
  11. Chun, M. M. (2011). Visual working memory as visual attention sustained internally over time. Neuropsychologia, 49(6); Pp: 1407-1409.
  12. Corcoran, K. M., & Woody, S. R. (2009). Effects of suppression and appraisals on thought frequency and distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(12); Pp: 1024-1031.
  13. De Petrillo, L. A., Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2009). Mindfulness for long-distance runners: An open trial using mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE). Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 25(4); Pp: 357.
  14. Dehghani Menshadi, Z., Taghavi, S. M. R., & Dehghani Menshadi, M. (2012). Psychometric characteristics of Kentucky mindfulness skills. Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 7 (26); Pp: 27-37. In Persian.
  15. Ebrahimi, H., & Abdollahi, M. A. (2013). ‌Comparing of visual and verbal memory performance and capacity working memory in gifted and normal students. Journal of Psychology,17; 122-140.In Persian.
  16. Etnier, J. L., Nowell, P. M., Landers, D. M., & Sibley, ‌B. A. (2006). A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance. Brain Research Reviews, 52(1); Pp: 119-130.
  17. Fabre, C., Chamari, K., Mucci, P., Masse-Biron, J., & Prefaut, C. (2002). Improvement of cognitive function by mental and/ or individualized aerobic training in healthy elderly subjects. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(6); Pp: 415-421.
  18. Gillberg, C. (2003). Deficits in attention, motor control, and perception: A brief review. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88(10); Pp: 904-910.
  19. Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J.  (2010). Cognition and depression: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Cinical Psychology, 6, 285.
  20. Hasker, S. M. (2010). Evaluation of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (mac) approach for enhancing athletic performance. Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
  21. Hayes, S. C. & Wilson, K. G. (2003). Mindfulness: Method and process. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2); Pp: 161-165.
  22. Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., ‌ Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S. M., Gard,‌ T., & Lazar, S. W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 191(1); Pp: 36-43.
  23. Jon, K. Z. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, personal, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10; Pp: 144-156.
  24. Komiyama, T., Sudo, M., Higaki, Y., Kiyonaga, A., Tanaka, H.,  & Ando, S. (2015). Does moderate hypoxia alter working memory and executive function during prolonged exercise? Physiology & Behavior,139; Pp: 290-296.
  25. Lotfi, M., Mohamadi, J., Sohrabi, M., & Bagherzadeh, F. (2013). The comparison of physical self-concept between blind female athletes and non-athletes. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 14‌(4); Pp: 44-52. In Persian.
  26. Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Rawlings, N. B., Francis, A. D., Greischar, L. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2009). Mental training enhances attentional stability: Neural and behavioral evidence. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(42); Pp: 13418-13427.
  27. Malekshahi Beiranvand, F., Salehi, J., Hasani, J., & Momtazi, S. (2013). Compared capacity of working memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with a normal person. Journal of Qazvin University Medical Science, 17‌(4); Pp: 18-23. In Persian.

 

  1. Martins, A. Q., Kavussanu, M., Willoughby, A., & Ring, C. ‌(2013). Moderate intensity exercise facilitates working memory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3); Pp: 323-328.
  2. Moran, R. (2010). On the biopsychosocial model, mindfulness meditation and improving teaching and learning in osteopathy technique. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 13(2); Pp: 41.
  3. Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., Franklin, M. S., Chin, J. M., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). The role of mind-wandering in measurements of general aptitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(4); Pp: 788.
  4. Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J. & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: Finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12(3); Pp: 442.
  5. Narimani, M.,‌ Amini, M.,  Abolghasemi, A., &  Zahed Babelan, A.  (2013). Comparison of mindfulness and anxiety sensitivity among students with compulsive hoarding and body dysmorphic. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3-5‌(19); Pp: 23-33. In Persian.
  6. Nyberg, L., Forkstam, C., Petersson, K. M., Cabeza, R., & Ingvar, M. (2002). Brain imaging of human memory systems: Between-systems similarities and within-system differences. Cognitive Brain Research, 13(2); Pp: 281-292.
  7. Parsaie, S., Kiani, S., & Azad Farsani, Y. (2013). Comparison between working memory and academic performance in bilingual and monolingual boy students. Journal of Psychology, 17; Pp: 104-119. In Persian.
  8. Rahmanian, Z.,& Vaez Mousavi, M. Z. (2013). The effects of mindfulness meditation on sport and exercise performance. Sport Psychology Studies, 5; Pp: 16-23. In Persian.
  9. Redick, T. S., & Engle, R. W. (2006). Working memory capacity and attention network test performance. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20(5); Pp: 713-721.
  10. Rezayi, M., Rashedi, V., Gholami Tehrani, L., & Daroyi, A. (2013). Compare reading comprehension and working memory in hearing  impairment and normal children. Audiology, 22‌(1); Pp: 68-74. In Persian.
  11. Rosenberg, M., Noonan, S., DeGutis, J., & Esterman, M. (2011). Sustaining visual attention in the face of distraction: A novel gradual onset continuous performance task. Journal of Vision, 11(11); Pp: 127-127.
  12. Ruocco, A. C., & Direkoglu, E. (2013). Delineating the contributions of sustained attention and working memory to individual differences in mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(2); Pp: 226-230.
  13. Schmertz, S. K., Anderson, P. L., & Robins, D. L. (2009). The relation between self-report mindfulness and performance on tasks of sustained attention. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(1); Pp: 60-66.
  14. Sheya, A., & Smith, L. B. (2010). Development through sensorimotor coordination. Enaction: Toward a New Paradigm for Cognitive Science. Pp.123-144.
  15. Smith, L. B., Thelen, E., Titzer, R., & McLin, D. (1999). Knowing in the context of acting: The task dynamics of the A-not-B error. Psychological Review, 106(2); Pp: 235.
  16. Smith, P. L. & Ratcliff, R. (2009). An integrated theory of attention and decision making in visual signal detection. Psychological Review, 116(2); Pp: 283.
  17. Thompson, R. W., Kaufman, K. A., De Petrillo, L. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2011). One year follow-up of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) with archers, golfers and runners. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 5(2); Pp: 99-116.
  18. Veale, D. (2004). Advances in a cognitive behavioural model of body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 1(1); Pp: 113-125.
  19. Wei, X., Yoo, S. S., Dickey, C. C., Zou, K. H., Guttmann, C. R., & Panych, L. P.  (2004). Functional MRI of auditory verbal working memory: Long-term reproducibility analysis. Neuroimage, 21(3); Pp: 1000-1008.
  20. Yaffe, K., Barnes, D., Nevitt, M., Lui, L. Y., & Covinsky, K.. (2001). A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women: Women who walk. Archives of Internal Medicine, 161(14); Pp: 1703-1708.
Sport Psychology Studies
Volume 4, Issue 12 - Serial Number 12
September 2015
Pages 98-85
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 05 October 2015
  • Accept Date: 05 October 2015
Share
How to cite
Statistics