نقش راهبردهای مقابله‌ای در پیش‌بینی اضطراب شناختی- جسمانی و اعتماد به ‌نفس ووشوکاران نخبه

مهرصفر, امیرحسین; خبیری, محمد; غرایاق زندی, حسن

doi:10.22089/spsyj.2016.737

نقش راهبردهای مقابله‌ای در پیش‌بینی اضطراب شناختی- جسمانی و اعتماد به ‌نفس ووشوکاران نخبه

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

10.22089/spsyj.2016.737

چکیده

هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی نقش راهبردهای مقابله‌ای در پیش‌بینی اضطراب جسمانی، شناختی و اعتمادبه‌نفس ووشوکاران نخبه بود. 107 پرسش‌نامه به‌وسیله ورزشکاران‌ تکمیل گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندمتغیره تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مبتنی بر عمل و هیجان با اضطراب جسمانی - شناختی و همبستگی راهبردهای مقابله-ای مبتنی بر عمل با اعتمادبه‌نفس، معنی‌دار بود. همچنین، تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیری نشان داد که راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مبتنی بر عمل و هیجان، 531/0 واریانس اضطراب جسمانی، 638/0 واریانس اضطراب شناختی و 659/0 واریانس عامل اعتمادبه‌نفس را پیش‌بینی می‌کند. بر اساس نتایج، راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مبتنی بر عمل، اضطراب شناختی - جسمانی را کاهش و اعتمادبه‌نفس را افزایش می‌دهد. اما راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مبتنی بر هیجان، تأثیر برعکس دارد. درنتیجه، آموزش راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مبتنی بر عمل می‌تواند پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.23452978.1395.5.16.7.7

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of coping strategies in prediction of cognitive-somatic anxiety and self-confidence of elite Wushu athletes

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of coping strategies in competitive anxiety and self-confidence of Wushu athletes. 107 questionnaires were completed by athletes. In this study, The Persian version of competitive state anxiety inventory-2 was used to measure cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence also the Persian version of coping strategies questionnaire was utilized to assess athlete's strategies. Data were analyzed by using multivariate regression and Pearson correlation tests. The results showed that correlation between task and emotion orientation strategies with somatic-cognitive anxiety and task orientation strategies with self-confidence was significant. Also, multiple regression analysis showed that task and emotion orientation strategies predict %53 variations of somatic anxiety, % 63 variations of cognitive anxiety and % 65 variations of self-confidence. According to results, task orientation strategies reduce cognitive- somatic anxiety and increase self-confidence but emotion orientation strategies have inverse influence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Sport anxiety
coping strategies
Self-Confidence
Wushu

مراجع

Anshel, M. H., Jamieson, J., & Raviv, S. (2001). Cognitive appraisals and coping strategies following acute stress among skilled competitive male and female athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 128–143.
Aufenanger, S. J. (2005). Relationships between mental skills and competitive anxiety interpretation in open skill and close skill athletes. Miami University.
Beattie, S., Hardy, L., Savage, J., Woodman, T., & Callow, N. (2011). Development and validation of a trait measure of robustness of self-confidence. Psychology of sport and exercise, 12(2), 184-191.
Cerin, E., & Barnett, A. (2013). Predictors of pre- and post-competition affective states in male martia artists: a multilevel interactional approach. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21, 137–150.
Cerin, E., Szabo, A., Hunt, N., & Williams, C. (2000). Temporal patterning of competitive emotions: A critical review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 605–626.
Chase, M. A., Feltz, D. L., & Lirgg, C. D. (2003). Sources of collective and individual efficacy of collegiate athletes. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1, 180–191.
Cheng, W. N. K., & Hardy, L. (2016). Three-dimensional model of performance anxiety: Tests of the adaptive potential of the regulatory dimension of anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 255-263.
Chenaneh, H., Namazizadeh, M. (2015). Identifying Stress Sources Before-the-Game Experienced by Members of Iranian National Greco-Roman Wrestling Team. Sport psychology Studies. 11 (4), 1-14. [In Persian].

Cox, R. H. (2007). Sport psychology: Concepts and applications (No. Ed. 5). McGraw-Hill.

10. Dias, C. S., Cruz, J. F. A., & Fonseca, A. M. (2010). Coping strategies, multidimensional competitive anxiety and cognitive threat appraisal: Differences across sex, age and type of sport. Serbian Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(1), 23-31.

11. Dias, C., Cruz, J. F., & Fonseca, A. M. (2012). The relationship between multidimensional competitive anxiety, cognitive threat appraisal, and coping strategies: A multi-sport study. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 52-65.

12. Elliott, D., Polman, R., & Taylor, J. (2014). The effects of relaxing music for anxiety control on competitive sport anxiety. European journal of sport science, 14(sup1), S296-S301.

13. Fletcher, D., & Fletcher, J. (2005). A meta-model of stress, emotions and performance: Conceptual foundations, theoretical framework, and research directions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 157.

14. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of personality and social psychology, 48(1), 150.

15. Gaudreau, P., & Blondin, J.-P. (2002). Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of coping strategies employed by athletes in competitive sport settings. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3(1), 1-34.

16. Gaudreau, P., Blondin, J.-P., & Lapierre, A.-M. (2002). Athletes' coping during a competition: relationship of coping strategies with positive affect, negative affect, and performance–goal discrepancy. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3(2), 125-150.

17. Goette, L., Bendahan, S., Thoresen, J., Hollis, F., & Sandi, C. (2015). Stress pulls us apart: Anxiety leads to differences in competitive confidence under stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 54, 115-123.

18. Hammermeister, J., & Burton, D. (2001). Stress, appraisal, and coping revisited: Examining the antecedents of competitive state anxiety with endurance athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 66–90.

19. Hanin, Y. L. (1997). Emotions and athletic performance: Individual zones of optimal functioning model. European Yearbook of Sport Psychology, 1, 29–72.

20. Hanton, S., & Jones, J. G. (2003). The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies I: Making the butterflies fly in formation. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 1–21.

21. Hanton, S., Neil, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Fletcher, D. (2008). Competitive experience and performance status: An investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 143–152.

22. Hasani, F,. Shahabi Kaseb, M. & Zeidabadi, R. (2015). Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Athletes Coping Strategies Questionnaire in Competitive Sport. Studies In sport Psychology. 10 (4), 1-24. [In Persion].

23. Abolghasemi A (2004) Correlation of coping strategies, goal orientation and competitive anxiety with academic and sportive performance of student’s athletes. Research Report, Ardabil: Mohaghegh Ardabili University. [In Persion]

24. Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R. S., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117–190). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

25. Mehrsafar, A., Khabiri, M., & Moghadam Zadeh, A. (2015- In press). Factorial validity and reliability of Persian version of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in intensity, direction and frequency dimensions. Motor development-learning. [In persion].

26. Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S., & O’Brien, M. (2004). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 14, 326–334.

27. Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S., & Thomas, O. (2009). The effects of a motivational general-arousal imagery intervention upon preperformance symptoms in male rugby union players. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 10, 175–185.

28. Neil, R., Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S. D., & Fletcher, D. (2011). Competition stress and emotions in sport performers: The role of further appraisals. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 12, 460–470.

29. Neil, R., Wilson, K., Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S., & Taylor, J. (2012). Competitive anxiety intensity and interpretation: A two-study investigation into their relationship with performance. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 10, 96–111.

30. Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2008). Mental toughness, optimism, pessimism, and coping among athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1182-1192.

31. Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A. R., & Hulleman, J. (2012). An explanation for the fallacy of facilitative anxiety: Stress, emotions, coping, and subjective performance in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 43, 273–293.

32. Nieuwenhuys, A., Hanin, Y. L., & Bakker, F. C. (2008). Performance-related experiences and coping during races: A case of an elite sailor. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(1), 61-76.

33. Noordstar, J. J., van der Net, J., Jak, S., Helders, P. J., & Jongmans, M. J. (2016). Global self-esteem, perceived athletic competence, and physical activity in children: A longitudinal cohort study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 83-90.

34. Ntoumanis, N., Biddle, S. J., & Duda, J. (2000). Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive anxiety with coping strategies. Sport Psychologist, 14(4), 360-371.

35. O’rourke, D. J., Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2014). Relations of Parent-and Coach-Initiated Motivational Climates to Young Athletes’ Self-Esteem, Performance Anxiety, and Autonomous Motivation: Who Is More Influential?. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(4), 395-408.

36. Oudejans, R. R., & Pijpers, J. R. (2010). Training with mild anxiety may prevent choking under higher levels of anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(1), 44-50.

37. Pineschi, G., & Di Pietro, A. (2013). Anxiety Management through Psychophysiological Techniques: Relaxation and Psyching-Up in Sport. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 4(3), 181-190.

38. Sabonchi, R., Kia, F., Kosari Fard, S. & Kosari Fard, F. (2012). Comparison strategies to cope with competitive anxiety in athletes, martial Due to varying levels of success in competitions. Sport Management, 1(4), 87-92.[In Persian].

39. Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., Cumming, S. P., & Grossbard, J. R. (2006). Measurement of multidimensional sport performance anxiety in children and adults: The Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 479–501.

40. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

41. Wagstaff, C., Neil, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Hanton, S. (2012). Key movements in directional research in competitive anxiety. In J. Thatcher, M. Jones, & D. Lavallee (Eds.), Coping and emotion in sport (pp. 143– 166). Abingdon: Routledge.

42. Wallace, H. M., Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2005). Audience support and choking under pressure: A home disadvantage? Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 429–438.

43. Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2015). Athlete imagery ability: A predictor of confidence and anxiety intensity and direction. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 271–283.

44. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2014). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6E: Human Kinetics. P: 76-83.
45. Wolf, S. A., Eys, M. A., & Kleinert, J. (2014). Predictors of the precompetitive anxiety response: Relative impact and prospects for anxiety regulation. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, (ahead-of-print), 1-15.

46. Woodman, T., Akehurst, S., Hardy, L., & Beattie, S. (2010). Self-confidence and performance: A little self-doubt helps. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(6), 467-470.