Document Type : Original research study
Authors
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the causal relationships among controlling coach behaviors, psychological needs thwarting, and in turn, sport devaluation and Intention to continue sport participation in adolescent athletes. The method of this research was descriptive-correlation. 350 Adolescent athletes of Tabriz city (185 male and 165 female) with age range from 15-18 years old were selected by random cluster sampling and completed the questionnaires. The path analysis results showed that controlling coach behaviors indirectly and through the psychological needs thwarting predicts positively sport devaluation. However, controlling coach behaviors is not related to intention to continue sport participation. Also psychological needs thwarting positively predicts sport devaluation and negatively predicts intention to continue sport participation. Overall, these findings indicate the important role of controlling coach behaviors and psychological factors in sport participation related factors of Adolescent Athletes.
Keywords
1. Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motivation and Emotion, 32(3), 189-199.
2. Ahmadi, M., Amani, J., & Behzadnia, B. (2015). Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Environment, Motivation, and Intention to Continue Sport Participation in Adolescents: Study of Self-determination Theory. Journal of Sport Psychology Studies, 10(3), 99-112.
3. Ahmadi, N., Abdoli, B., & Ariafar, M. (2014). Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) in Athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology Studies, 9(3), 93-102.
4. Almagro, B. J., Sáenz-López, P., & Moreno, J. A. (2010). Prediction of sport adherence through the influence of autonomy-supportive coaching among Spanish adolescent athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(1), 8.
5. Amorose, A. J., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2007). Autonomy-supportive coaching and self-determined motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 654-670.
6. Balaguer, I., González, L., Fabra, P., Castillo, I., Mercé, J., & Duda, J. L. (2012). Coaches' interpersonal style, basic psychological needs and the well-and ill-being of young soccer players: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1619-1629.
7. Bartholomew, K., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Psychological need thwarting in the sport context: Assessing the darker side of athletic experience. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 75-102.
8. Bartholomew, K., Ntoumanis, N., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2010). The controlling interpersonal style in a coaching context: Development and initial validation of a psychometric scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32, 193-121.
9. Chatzisarantis, N. L., Biddle, S. J., & Meek, G. A. (1997). A self‐determination theory approach to the study of intentions and the intention–behaviour relationship in children's physical activity. British Journal of Health Psychology, 2(4), 343-360.
10. Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Hagger, M. S. (2009). Effects of an intervention based on self-determination theory on self-reported leisure-time physical activity participation. Psychology and Health, 24(1), 29-48.
11. Cohn, P. J. (1990). An exploratory study on sources of stress and athlete burnout in youth golf. The Sport Psychologist.
12.Costa, S., Ntoumanis, N., & Bartholomew, K. J. (2015). Predicting the brighter and darker sides of interpersonal relationships: Does psychological need thwarting matter? Motivation and Emotion, 39(1), 11-24.
13. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research, 3-33.
14. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior: Springer Science & Business Media.
15. Duda, J., Balaguer, I., Jowett, S., & Lavallee, D. (2007). Coach-created motivational climate. Social psychology in sport, 117-130.
16. Fenton, S. A., Duda, J. L., Quested, E., & Barrett, T. (2014). Coach autonomy support predicts autonomous motivation and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in youth sport participants. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(5), 453-463.
17. Gagne, M. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15(4), 372-390.
18. Gefen, D., Straub, D., & Boudreau, M.-C. (2000). Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communications of the association for information systems, 4(1), 7.
19. Goodger, K., Gorely, T., Lavallee, D., & Harwood, C. (2007). Burnout in sport: A systematic review.
20. Gould, D., Udry, E., Tuffey, S., & Loehr, J. (1996). Burnout in competitive junior tennis players: I. A quantitative psychological assessment. Sport Psychologist, 10, 322-340.
21. Gunnell, K. E., Crocker, P. R., Wilson, P. M., Mack, D. E., & Zumbo, B. D. (2013). Psychological need satisfaction and thwarting: A test of basic psychological needs theory in physical activity contexts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(5), 599-607.
22. Hodge, K., Lonsdale, C., & Ng, J. Y. (2008). Burnout in elite rugby: Relationships with basic psychological needs fulfilment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(8), 835-844.
23. Landers, D. M., & Arent, S. M. (2001). Physical activity and mental health. Handbook of sport psychology, 2, 740-765.
24. Lim, B. C., & Wang, C. J. (2009). Perceived autonomy support, behavioural regulations in physical education and physical activity intention. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 52-60.
25. López Walle, J., Tristán, J., Balaguer, I., Duda, J. L., Aguirre, H. B., & Rios, R. M. (2014). Coaches' controlling style, basic needs thwarting, and well-/ill-being in Mexican university players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(Sup.), S117.
26. Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach–athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of sports science, 21(11), 883-904.
27. Nelson, M. C., Neumark-Stzainer, D., Hannan, P. J., Sirard, J. R., & Story, M. (2006). Longitudinal and secular trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior during adolescence. Pediatrics, 118(6), e1627-e1634.
28. Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A prospective study of participation in optional school physical education using a self-determination theory framework. Journal of educational psychology, 97(3), 444.
29. Pelletier, L. G., Dion, S., & Lévesque, C. (2004). Can self-determination help protect women against sociocultural influences about body image and reduce their risk of experiencing bulimic symptoms. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 23(1), 61-88.
30. Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Briere, N. M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence: A prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25(4), 279-306.
31. Quested, E., & Duda, J. L. (2010). Exploring the social-environmental determinants of well-and ill-being in dancers: A test of basic needs theory. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(1), 39-60.
32. Raedeke, T. D., & Smith, A. L. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology.
33. Reinboth, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion, 28(3), 297-313.
34. Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419-435.
35. Ryan, R. M., Bernstein, J. H., & Brown, K. W. (2010). Weekends, work, and well-being: Psychological need satisfactions and day of the week effects on mood, vitality, and physical symptoms. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 29(1), 95-122.
36. Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2003). A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using constructs from self-determination and achievement goal theories to predict physical activity intentions. Journal of educational psychology, 95(1), 97.
37. Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A test of self‐determination theory in school physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(3), 411-433.
38. Standage, M., & Treasure, D. C. (2002). Relationship among achievement goal orientations and multidimensional situational motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72(1), 87-103. doi: 10.1348/000709902158784
39. Telama, R., Yang, X., Viikari, J., Välimäki, I., Wanne, O., & Raitakari, O. (2005). Physical activity from childhood to adulthood: a 21-year tracking study. American journal of preventive medicine, 28(3), 267-273.
)