Document Type : Original research study

Authors

1 M.Sc. of Motor Behavior, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch

2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Alzahra University

3 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch

Abstract

The present research was aimed at investigating the effect of yoga and neurofeedback on the reduction of focus disorder/hyperactivity among 5-10 years old kids in the city of Meybod, Iran. In this clinical trial which was undertaken via pre-test/post-test design, 48 kids engaged with focus disorder/hyperactivity were randomly clustered into four groups of the same size: yoga, neurofeedback, yoga-neurofeedback, and control. The training groups were trained for 8 weeks. The training plan included 3 sessions per week, with each session including 60 minutes of activity. In order to evaluate the training groups, Conners questionnaire (parents-form) was used as the pre-test/post-test. Covariance analysis test was used for data analysis. The results indicated a significant reduction in the symptoms of ‪the focus disorder/hyperactivity among the test groups following the 8-week training plan (p < 0.05), so that the yoga therapy showed better results compared to either of yoga-neurofeedback or neurofeedback approaches

Keywords

1.  Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (1995). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Neurological basis and treatment alternatives. Journal of Neurotherapy1(1), 1-10.
2. Barkley, A. (1993). Continuing concerns about EEG biofeedback/ neurofeedback. ADHD Report, 1(3), 1-3.
3. Beauregard, M. (2002). Effect of neurofeedback training on the neural substrate of executive deficits in AD/HD children. In Annual Conference of the International Society for Neuronal Regulation. Houston: August (Vol. 27).
4. Egner, T., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2004). EEG biofeedback of low beta band components: frequency-specific effects on variables of attention and event-related brain potentials. Clinical europhysiology115(1), 131-139.
5. Galantino, M. L., Bzdewka, T. M., Eissler-Russo, J. L., & Holbrook, M. L. (2004). The impact of modified Hatha Yoga on chronic low back pain: A pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 10(2), 56-59.
6. Harvey, W., Reid, G., Grizenko, N., Mbekou, V., Ter-Stepanian, M., & Joober, R. (2007). Fundamental comparison sand stimulant effects. Journal of Abnormal Chil Psychology, 235(5), 871-882.
7. Hoza, B., Mrug, S., Pelham, W., Greiner, A., & Gnag, E. (2003). A friend shinter for children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder peliminarfinding. Journal of Attention Disorder‌s, 6(3), 87-90.
8. Lancaste, T. & Linden, D (2011). Functional magne resonance imaging (FMRI) based neurofeedback as a new treatment tool for depression. European Psychiatry.26(1), 934.
9. Lee, S. W. (1991). Biofeedback as a treatment for childhood hyperactivity: A critical review of the literature. Psychological Reports, 68(1), 163-92.
10. Leins, U. (2004). Train your brain. Neurofeedback für Kinder mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS). for obtaining the degree of a Doctors of  natural  science.
 
 
منابع
11. Wolraich, M. L., & Baumgaertel, A. (1996). The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the new DSM-IV criteria. Peabody Journal of Education71(4), 168-186.
12. Lubar, J. F., & Lubar, J. O. (1999). Neurofeedback assessment and treatment for attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorders. In J. R. Evans & A. Abarbanel (Eds.), Introduction to quantitative EEG and neurofeedback (pp. 103-143).
13. Maddigan, B., Hodgson, P., Heath, S., Dick, B., John, K. S., McWilliam-Burton, T., ‌& White, H. (2003). The effects of massage therapy & exercise therapy on children/ adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 12(2), 40.
14. Hagins, M., Haden, S. C., & Daly, L. A. (2013). A randomized controlled trial on the effects of yoga on stress reactivity in 6th grade students. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2013: 1-9 
15. Kouijzer, M. E., van Schie, H. T., de Moor, J. M., Gerrits, B. J., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2010). Neurofeedback treatment in autism. Preliminary findings in behavioral, cognitive, and neurophysiological functioning. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders4(3), 386-399.
16. Parshad, O. (2004). Role of yoga in stress management. The West Indian Medical Journal53(3), 191-194.
17. Rennie, R. L. (2000). A comparison study of the effectiveness of individual and group play therapy in treating kindergarten children with adjustment problems,[electronic resource] (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas).
18. Taylor, A. F., & Kuo, F. E. (2009). Children with attention deficits concentrate better after walk in the park. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(5), 402-409.
19. Vernon, D., Egner, T., Cooper, N., Compton, T., Neilands, C., Sheri, A., & Gruzelier, J. (2003). The effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 47(1), 75-85.‌
20. Vernon, D., Frick, A., & Gruzelier, J. (2004). Neurofeedback as a treatment for ADHD: A methodological review with implications for future research. Journal ofNeurotherapy8(2), 53-82.
21. Wendt, M. (2000). The effect of an activity program designed with intense physical exercise on the behavior of ADHD children. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). State University of New York, Buffalo.
22. Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2006). Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: adaptive functioning in major life activities. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry45(2), 192-202.
23.Bakhshyesh, A (2011). Diagnosis and treatment of hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit (ADHD). Yazd:pub Yazd uinversity.p 234.In persian.
24. Beauregard, M. (2002). Effect of neurofeedback training on the neural substrate of executive deficits in AD/HD children. In Annual Conference of the International Society for Neuronal Regulation. Houston: August (Vol. 27).