Perfectionism, Burnout and Engagement Model in Athlete: The Mediating Role of the Self-Determination Theory

Document Type : Original research

Authors

1 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran .

3 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University ,Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediator of self-determination theory in perfectionism, burnout and engagement in athletes. The statistical population of this study included athletes who attended the Premier League and national team in Tehran, and 300 athletes were completed Perfectionism, Burnout, Engagement, Psychological Need Thwarting, Basic Need Satisfaction questionnaires. Pearson correlation test and structural equations were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that perfectionism's concerns had a positive relationship with The Psychological Need Thwarting and burnout. On the contrary, the perfectionist strivings had a positive relationship with the Basic Need Satisfaction and athlete engagement, and the negative relationship with the Psychological Need Thwarting and burnout. Psychological Need Thwarting had positive relationship with the athlete's burnout and negative relationship with perfectionist strivings and Basic Need Satisfaction. Conversely Basic Need Satisfaction had positive relationship with the athlete engagement and negative relationship with the athlete's burnout. As it is expected, the relationships between perfectionism - engagement and perfectionism -burnout-are justified, despite the provision of basic psychological needs.
 

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1.       Azizi, S. Nikbakhsh, R (2011). The relationship between perfectionism and exhaustion in elite athletes with physical-motor disabilities. Evolutionary Psychology (Iranian Psychologists): Winter 2012, Volume 9, Number 34; 157 to 167.

2.       Childs, J. H. & Stoeber, J. (2010). Self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism in employees: Relationships with burnout and engagement. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 25(4), 269-281.

3.       Deci,E.L. (2001). The Sport Climate Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/questionnaires/10-questionnaires/84

4.       Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01

5.       DeFreese, J. D. & Smith, A. L. (2013). Areas of worklife and the athlete burnout engagement relationship. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25(2), 180-196.

6.       Dunkley, D. M. Blankstein, K. R. Halsall, J. William, M. Winkworth,G. (2000). The relationship perfectionism and distress: hassles, coping and perceived social support as mediators and moderators. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 437-453.

7.       Eklund, R. C. Cresswell, S. L. (2007). athlete burnout. Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed. pp. 621-641)

8.       Frost, R. O. Marten, P. Lahart, C. Rosenblate, R (1990). The dimension of perfectionism. Cognitive therapy and research, 14, 449-468.

9.       Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.

10.    Gareth E. Jowetta, Andrew P. Hilla, Howard K. Halla & Thomas Curranb (2016); Perfectionism, burnout and engagement in youth sport: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 24 (2016) 18e26.

11.    Gould, D. R. Dieffenbach, K. & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 172–204.

12.    Hall, H. K. & Hill, A. P. (2012). Perfectionism, dysfunctional achievement striving and burnout in aspiring athletes: the motivational implications for performing artists. Theatre, Dance and Performance Training, 3(2), 216-228.

13.    Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 15, 27-33.

14.    Hodge, K. Lonsdale, C. & Jackson, S. A. (2009). Athlete engagement in elite Sport: An exploratory investigation of antecedents and consequences. The Sport Psychologist, 23(2), 186-202.

15.    li, C. Wang, C. K. J. Pyun, D. Y. Kee, Y.H. (2013). Relationship between self-determined motivation and burnout among athlete: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of sport and exercise. 14(5), 692-700.

16.    Lonsdale, C. Hodge, K. & Jackson, S. A. (2007). Athlete engagement: II. Development and initial validation of the athlete engagement questionnaire. International Journal of sport psychology. 38(4), 471-389.

17.    Mainwaring, L. (2009). Working with perfection. In H. K. F. (Ed.), Performance psychology in action: A casebook for working with athletes, performing artists, business leaders and professionals in high risk occupations(pp. 139-159). Washington, DC: APA.

18.    Mallinson, S. H., & Hill, A. P. (2011). The relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and psychological need thwarting in junior sports participants. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12, 676-684.

19.    Stoeber, J. (2014). Perfectionism. In R. C. Eklund & G. Tenenbaum (Eds.), Encyclopedia of sport and exercise Psychology. 2, 527-530

20.    Stoeber, J. (2011). The dual nature of perfectionism in sport: relationships with emotion, motivation, and performance. International review of sport and exercise psychology, 4(2), 128-145.

21.    Raedeke, T. D. & Smith, A. L. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23, 281-306.

 

References

  1. Azizi, S. Nikbakhsh, R (2011). The relationship between perfectionism and exhaustion in elite athletes with physical-motor disabilities. Evolutionary Psychology (Iranian Psychologists): Winter 2012, Volume 9, Number 34; 157 to 167.
  2. Childs, J. H. & Stoeber, J. (2010). Self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism in employees: Relationships with burnout and engagement. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 25(4), 269-281.
  3. Deci,E.L. (2001). The Sport Climate Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/questionnaires/10-questionnaires/84
  4. Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01
  5. DeFreese, J. D. & Smith, A. L. (2013). Areas of worklife and the athlete burnout engagement relationship. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25(2), 180-196.
  6. Dunkley, D. M. Blankstein, K. R. Halsall, J. William, M. Winkworth,G. (2000). The relationship perfectionism and distress: hassles, coping and perceived social support as mediators and moderators. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 437-453.
  7. Eklund, R. C. Cresswell, S. L. (2007). athlete burnout. Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed. pp. 621-641)
  8. Frost, R. O. Marten, P. Lahart, C. Rosenblate, R (1990). The dimension of perfectionism. Cognitive therapy and research, 14, 449-468.
  9. Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.
  10. Gareth E. Jowetta, Andrew P. Hilla, Howard K. Halla & Thomas Curranb (2016); Perfectionism, burnout and engagement in youth sport: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 24 (2016) 18e26.
  11. Gould, D. R. Dieffenbach, K. & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 172–204.
  12. Hall, H. K. & Hill, A. P. (2012). Perfectionism, dysfunctional achievement striving and burnout in aspiring athletes: the motivational implications for performing artists. Theatre, Dance and Performance Training, 3(2), 216-228.
  13. Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 15, 27-33.
  14. Hodge, K. Lonsdale, C. & Jackson, S. A. (2009). Athlete engagement in elite Sport: An exploratory investigation of antecedents and consequences. The Sport Psychologist, 23(2), 186-202.
  15. li, C. Wang, C. K. J. Pyun, D. Y. Kee, Y.H. (2013). Relationship between self-determined motivation and burnout among athlete: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of sport and exercise. 14(5), 692-700.
  16. Lonsdale, C. Hodge, K. & Jackson, S. A. (2007). Athlete engagement: II. Development and initial validation of the athlete engagement questionnaire. International Journal of sport psychology. 38(4), 471-389.
  17. Mainwaring, L. (2009). Working with perfection. In H. K. F. (Ed.), Performance psychology in action: A casebook for working with athletes, performing artists, business leaders and professionals in high risk occupations(pp. 139-159). Washington, DC: APA.
  18. Mallinson, S. H., & Hill, A. P. (2011). The relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and psychological need thwarting in junior sports participants. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12, 676-684.
  19. Stoeber, J. (2014). Perfectionism. In R. C. Eklund & G. Tenenbaum (Eds.), Encyclopedia of sport and exercise Psychology. 2, 527-530
  20. Stoeber, J. (2011). The dual nature of perfectionism in sport: relationships with emotion, motivation, and performance. International review of sport and exercise psychology, 4(2), 128-145.
  21. Raedeke, T. D. & Smith, A. L. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23, 281-306.

 

Sport Psychology Studies
Volume 7, Issue 26
March 2019
Pages 121-132

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 February 2018
  • Revise Date: 23 August 2018
  • Accept Date: 26 August 2018

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