نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه سمنان
2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه سمنان
3 دانشیار علوم رفتاری و شناختی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تأثیر تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی و حافظۀ کاری حرکتی بر کیفیت زندگی سالمندان فعال بود. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش شامل 32 مرد سالمند ورزشکار از شهر تهران بودند. روش پژوهش نیمه‌تجربی و نمونهگیری به‌صورت در‌دسترس انجام شد. شرکت‌کنندگان به‌شکل تصادفی در چهار گروه ذهن‌آگاهی، حافظۀ کاری حرکتی، ترکیب تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی همراه با حافظۀ کاری حرکتی و کنترل قرار گرفتند و از طریق پرسش‌نامۀ اختصاصی سنجش کیفیت زندگی سالمندان در دو مرحلۀ پیش‌آزمون و پسآزمون بررسی شدند. مداخلات به‌مدت 12 جلسه اعمال گردید. نتایج نشان داد اجرای هر سه روش بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی سالمندان مؤثر بوده است. همچنین، نتایج حاکی از آن هستند که مداخلۀ ذهن‌آگاهی بر خردهمقیاس استقلال و خودشکوفایی و نیز حافظۀ کاری حرکتی بر خردهمقیاس استقلال تأثیر معناداری داشته است؛ در‌نتیجه، مربیان و روان‌شناسان ورزشی می‌توانند تمرینات ذهن‌آگاهی و حافظۀ کاری حرکتی را به‌عنوان روشی ساده و کم‌هزینه بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی سالمندان فعال اعمال نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Mindfulness and Working Memory Training on Quality of Life in Active Elderly
نویسندگان [English]
- Leila Bahrami 1
- Mohammad Ali salianeh 2
- Ali Reza Farsi 3
- Ahmad Nikravan 2
1 M. Sc. Student of Motor Behavior, Semnan University
2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Semnan
3 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior And Cognitive Scinces, Shahid Beheshti Universiy
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mindfulness and Motor-Working Memory training on quality of life in active elderly. Participants were 32 athlete's elderly male from Tehran. Research method was semi-experimental and the sample were selected conveniently and then participants were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups (Mindfulness, Motor-Working memory, combined and control). Participants completed the quality of life questionnaire in pre-test and post-test. Interventions were performed during 12 sessions. The results of showed that, there is a significant effect of three methods on improving the quality of life of the active elderly. Also, there was a significant effect of mindfulness on Autonomy and Self-realization subscales and there was a significant effect of Motor-Working memory on Autonomy. Generally, the sport coaches and psychologists can to apply Mindfulness and Motor-Working Memory training as a simple and inexpensive way to improve the quality of life in active elderly.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Mindfulness
- Motor-Working Memory
- Quality of life
- Athlete's Elderly
2. Badri, A. (2013). Comparison of quality of life of elderly athlete and non-athlete in Tabriz City. Journal of Elderly Scientific Research, 8(3), 74-82. (In Persian).
3. Bayliss, D. M., Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A. D., & Gunn, D. M. (2005). The relationship between short‐term memory and working memory: Complex span made simple? Memory, 13(3-4), 414-21.
4. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822.
5. Browne, G., Berry, E., Kapur, N., Hodges, S., Smyth, G., Watson, P., & Wood, K. (2011). SenseCam improves memory for recent events and quality of life in a patient with memory retrieval difficulties. Journal of Memory, 19(7), 713-22.
6. Brozoski, T. J., Brown, R. M., Rosvold, H. E., & Goldman, P. S. (1979). Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Science, 205(4409), 929–32.
7. Connolly, S. J., Pogue, J., Eikelboom, J., Flaker, G., Commerford, P., Franzosi, M. G., & Yusuf, S. (2008). Benefit of oral anticoagulant over antiplatelet therapy in atrial fibrillation depends on the quality of international normalized ratio control achieved by centers and countries as measured by time in therapeutic range. Circulation, 118(20), 2029-37.
8. Crum, A., & Langer, E. J. (2007). Mind-set matters: Exercise and the placebo effect. Psychological Science, 18, 165–17.
9. De, A., & Ghosh, C. (2017). Basics of aging theories and disease related aging-an overview. Pharma Tutor, 5(2), 16-23.
10. Ebrahimzade, Kh., Sepas, L,. Yazdan Panah, R., Abedi Ghelich Gheshlaghi, M., & Ghasabi-Alamdari, M. (2016). Working memory and quality of life in Multiple Sclerosis patients. The Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 27(7), 598-607. (In Persian).
11. Ernst, S., Welke, J., Heintze, C., Gabriel, R., Zöllner, A., Kiehne, S., & Esch, T. (2008). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on quality of life in nursing home residents: A feasibility study. Complementary Medicine Research, 15(2), 74-81.
12. Ghazanfari, F., Hashemi, Sh., & Sepahvand, R. (2013). The survey for relation between cognitive status and life quality in older people at army retired community in Khorramabaad 2011. Magiran of Nurse and Physician Within War. 21-22, 11-17. (In Persian).
13. Golmohammadi, B., Kashani, V., & Mokaberian, M. (2015). The Psychometric properties of Persian Version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for everyday activities in older adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2(26), 92. (In Persian).
14. Heidari, S., Nouri Tajer, M., Hosseini, F., Inanlou, M., Golgiri, F., & Shirazi, F. (2008). Geriatric family support and diabetic type-2 glycemic control. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 3(2), 573-80. (In Persian).
15. Heravi-Karimooi, M., Rejeh, N., Garshasbi, E., Nikkhah, M., & Montazeri, A. (2016). A validation study of the Persian Version of Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (CASP- 19). Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, (4)15, 421-31. (In Persian).
16. Heydari, M., & Shahbazi, S. (2012). The effect of educating of self-caring in quality of life in elderly. Iranian Journal of Nursing, 25(75), 1-8. (In Persian).
17. Huang, G., Shi, X. I. A. N. G. R. O. N. G., Davis-Brezette, J. A., & Osness, W. H. (2005). Resting heart rate changes after endurance training in older adults: A meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(8):1381-1386.
18. Hyde, M., Wiggins, R. D., Higgs, P., & Blane, D. B. (2003). A measure of quality of life in early old age: The theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19). Aging & Mental Health, 7(3), 186-94.
19. Jackson, S., Thomas, P., Marsh, H., & Smethurst, C. (2001). Relationships between flow, selfconcept, psychological skills, and performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(2), 129-53.
20. Kantak, S. S., & Winstein, C. J. (2012). Learning–performance distinction and memory processes for motor skills: A focused review and perspective. Behavioural Brain Research, 228(1), 219-31.
21. Kinsella, K. G., & Phillips, D. R. (2005). Global aging: The challenge of success. Washington: Population Reference Bureau. P. 3.
22. Loosli, S. V., Rahm, B., Unterrainer, J. M., Mader, I., Weiller, C., & Kaller, C. P. (2016). Age differences in behavioral and neural correlates of proactive interference: Disentangling the role of overall working memory performance. NeuroImage, 127, 376-86.
23. Morone, N. E., Greco, C. M., & Weiner, D. K. (2008). Mindfulness meditation for the treatment of chronic low back pain in older adults: A randomized controlled pilot study. Pain, 134(3), 310-9.
24. Morrison, A. B., & Jha, A. P. (2015). Mindfulness, attention, and working memory. In handbook of mindfulness and self-regulation. New York: Springer. Pp. 33-45.
25. Nejati, V. A. H. I. D., Amini, R. E. Z. A., Zabih Zadeh, A. B. B. A. S., Masoumi, M. E. H. D. I., Maleki, G., & Shoaie, F. A. T. E. M. E. H. (2011). Mindfulness as effective factor in quality of life of blind veterans. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 3(3), 1-7. (In Persian).
26. Newell, K. M. (1986). Constraints on the development of coordination. In M. Wade & H. T. A. Whiting (Eds.), Differing perspectives in motor learning, memory and control (pp. 516-36). Amsterdam: Elseiver.
27. Plemmons, M. G. (2015). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach in recreational golfers. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Appalachian State University.
28. Safdari, R., Sadeghi, F., & Mohammadi Azar, M. (2016). Aged care and services programs in Iran: Looking at the performance of relevant organizations. Journal of Health Payavard, 10(2), 155-66. (In Persian).
29. Sim, J., Bartlam, B., & Bernard, M. (2011). The CASP-19 as a measure of quality of life in old age: Evaluation of its use in a retirement community. Quality of Life Research, 20(7), 997-1004.
30. Tang, Y. Y., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Attention training and attention state training. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(5), 222-7.
31. Van Malderen, L., Mets, T., & Gorus, E. (2013). Interventions to enhance the quality of life of older people in residential long-term care: A systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews, 12(1), 141-50.
32. Von Dem Knesebeck, O., Wahrendorf, M., Hyde, M., & Siegrist, J. (2007). Socio-economic position and quality of life among older people in 10 European countries: Results of the share study. Ageing & Society, 27(2), 269-84.
33. Walters, S. J., Munro, J. F., & Brazier, J. E. (2001). Using the SF‐36 with older adults: A cross‐sectional community‐based survey. Age and Ageing, 30(4), 337-43.
34. Witiw, C. D., Hachem, L. D., & Fehlings, M. G. (2017). Spinal Injuries of the Elderly. Brain and Spine Surgery in the Elderly. Springer International Publishing, (Vol. 2, pp. 223-245).
35. World Health Organization. (2015). Self care (updated 2016; cited 2015). Retrieved from: www.who.int/en.
36. Zomorodi, S., & Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaee, S. K. (2013). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment-based mindfulness on improving the quality of life of patients with irritable intestine. Clinical Psychology Studies, 4(13), 63-88. (In Persian).
)