نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
2 دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
3 استاد روان‌شناسی ورزشی، دانشگاه امام حسین (ع) تهران
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین تأثیر مهارت‌های روان‌شناختی بر عملکرد ورزشی بازیکنان بود. از هشت تیم لیگ برتر فوتسال تهران در سال 1391، دو تیم به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی در گروه‌‌های آزمایشی و کنترل قرار گرفتند. پیش‌آزمون به روش مشاهده (فیلم) و تجزیه و تحلیل براساس چک‌لیست سنجش عملکرد ورزشی تلول و همکاران (2006) از ورزشکاران گرفته شد. برنامة مهارت‌های روان‌شناختی در 30 جلسه به گروه آزمایشی آموزش داده شد که شامل راهبردهای هدف‌گزینی، آرام‌سازی، تصویرسازی، کنترل‌توجه و خودگفتاری بود. پس‌آزمون، بعد از چهار ماه مداخله و آزمون پیگیری، دو ماه بعد برگزار شد. داده‌ها با آزمون یک‌راهة آنکوا بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمرین مهارت‌های روان‌شناختی به‌طور معناداری باعث بهبود سطح کیفی اجرا در عملکرد ورزشی پاس، شوت، گرفتن، حفظ و کنترل توپ در بازیکنان فوتسال زن می‌شود و اثر مداخله‌های روان‌شناختی نه‌تنها در پس‌آزمون، بلکه در آزمون پیگیری نیز معنادار است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Psychological Skills on Female Futsal Players’ Selected Sport Performance
نویسندگان [English]
- Marziyeh Rezvani 1
- Behrooz Abdoli 2
- Seyed Mohammad Kazem Vaez Mousavi 3
1 M.Sc. in Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran
2 Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran
3 Professor of Sport Psychology, Imam Hossein University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
The current research assessed the effect of psychological skills on female futsal players’ sport performances. Out of eight futsal Super League teams in Tehran in 1391, two groups were selected randomly: control and experimental. The pretest was conducted through observation (filming) and the analysis was based on the athletic performance checklist of Thelwell et al (2006). Then, psychological skills program was administered in the experimental group in 30 sessions which consisted of goal-setting, relaxation, mental imagery, attention control, and self-talk. The posttest was taken after 4 months of intervention and two months later, the follow-up test. The data was analyzed using one way ANCOVA test. The results indicated that practicing psychological skills led to the improvement of performance qualitative level significantly, especially in pass, shoot, catch, keep and control. The effect of psychological interventions was significant not only in protest but also in the follow-up.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Psychological Skills
- Sport Performance
- Female Futsal Players
2. Anshel, M. H., & Payne, J. M. (2006). Application of sport psychology for optimal performance in martial arts. The sport psychologist’s handbook: A guide for sport-specific performance enhancement inglaterra (pp. 353-74). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
3. Appaneal, R. N., Levine, B. R., Perna, F. M., & Roh, J. L. (2009). Measuring postinjury depression among male and female competitive athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 60-76.
4. Bakker, A. B., Oerlemans, W., Demerouti, E., Burnis Slot, B., & Karamat, D. A. (2011). Flow and performance: A study among talented Dutch soccer players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(4), 442-50.
5. Cox, R. H. (2012). Sport psychology concepts and application. New York: McGraw-Hill.
6. Engeser, S., & Flow, F. R. (2008). performance and moderators of challenge-skill balance. Motivation and Emotion, 32(3), 158-72.
7. Fournier, J. F., Calmels, C., Durand-Bush, N., Salmela, J. H. (2005). Effects of a season‐long PST program on gymnastic performance and on psychological skill development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(1), 59-78.
8. Gee, C. J. (2010). How does sport psychology actually improve athletic performance? A framework to facilitate athletes’ and coaches’ understanding. Behavior modification, 34(5), 386-402.
9. Gregg, M., & Strachan, L. (2010). Developmental differences in youth soccer players use of imagery. Annual Conference.
10. Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2008). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in Australian football. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20(3), 261-81.
11. Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009). Advancing mental toughness research and theory using personal construct psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(1), 54-72.
12. Halbesleben, J. R. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagement: Relationships with burnout, demands, resources, and consequences. In A. B. Baker & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 102-17). Oxford, Psychology Press.
13. Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Theodorakis, Y., & Zourbanos, N. (2004). Self-talk in the swimming pool: The effects of self-talk on thought content and performance on water-polo tasks. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 138-50.
14. Jafari, A. (2011). A preliminary study: Psychological preparation program for football players and assess its effectiveness in improving performance. Unpublished thesis, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran.
15. Jafari, H. (2004). Mental preparation for athletes (2nd ed.). Tehran, Bamdad Ketab.
16. MaCann, S. (2002). A model of offensive and defensive mental skills. Available at http://www.smscs.dreamhosters.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/mentalmodel.pdf [Accessed 23 April 2013).
17. Neil, R., Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S. D., & Fletcher, D. (2011). The role of further appraisals on stress and emotions in sport performance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(4) , 20-9.
18. Phillips, E., Davids, K., Renshaw, L., & Portus, M. (2010). Erport performance in sport and the dynamies of talent development. Sport Medicine, 40(4), 271-83.
19. Rezvani, M. (2013). Effect of psychological skills training program on mental strength and athletic performance futsal players, in Physical Education and Sport Science. Unpublished thesis, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran.
20. Seyf, A. (2006). Educational psychology, psychology of learning. Tehran: Agah Publishing Institute.
21. Sheard, M., Golby, J. (2006). Effect of a psychological skills training program on swimming performance and positive psychological development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(2), 149-69.
22. Silva, J. M. M., Jonathan, N., & Lerner, B. (2011). Training professionals in the practice of sport psychology (2nd ed). Morgantown: Tness Information Technology.
23. Sohrabi, M. F. M.. (2010). The use of mental skills in sports (Vol. 1). Tehran: Noor Giti.
24. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
25. Thelwell, R. C., Greenlees, I. A., & Weston, N. J. (2006). Using psychological skills training to develop soccer performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(3), 254-70.
26. Thelwell, R. C., Greenlees, I. A., Weston, N. J. V. (2010). Examinaning the use of psychological skills throughout soccer performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(1), 109-27.
27. Vaez Mousavi, M. M. F. (2007). Sport psychology (Vol. 1). Tehran: Samt.
28. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2014). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
)