تأثیر انسداد تحت‌فشار روانی بر تغییرپذیری حرکتی و تثبیت (رهاسازی) درجات آزادی در بازیکنان ماهر و مبتدی تنیس روی میز

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 استاد رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر انسداد تحت‌فشار روانی بر تغییرپذیری حرکتی و تثبیت (رهاسازی) درجات آزادی در بازیکنان ماهر و مبتدی تنیس روی میز بود. بدین منظور 16 بازیکن تنیس روی میز (هشت نفر ماهر و هشت نفر مبتدی) به صورت در دسترس انتخاب شدند و در دو حالت شرایط عادی و شرایط استرس ده ضربه تاپ اسپین به سمت هدفی مشخص انجام دادند. متغیر تغییرپذیری درون اندامی و جفت شدن بین مفاصل محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که تغییرپذیری حرکتی برای گروه ماهر نسبت به گروه مبتدی پایین­تر بود اما در دو شرایط (عادی و استرس) تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت. جفت شدن بین مفاصل نیز برای گروه ماهر نسبت به گروه مبتدی پایین‌تر بود. علاوه بر این نتایج نشان داد شرایط استرس سبب بالا رفتن جفت شدن بین مفاصل در دو گروه ماهر و مبتدی می­شود. این نتایج بر اساس دیدگاه هماهنگی و کنترل و همچنین دیدگاه تثبیت و رهاسازی درجات آزادی توجیه شدند. به طور کلی افراد در شرایط فشار روانی ممکن است به استراتژی مبتدیانه تثبیت درجات آزادی بازگردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Chocking under Pressure on Movement Variability and Freezing (freeing) of Degrees of Freedom in Skilled and Novice Table Tennis Players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Taheri 1
  • Davoud Fazeli 2
  • Mohammadreza Ghasemian Moghadam 3
1 Professor of Motor Behavior, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Ph.D. of Motor Behavior, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Assistance Professor of Motor Behavior, Allameh Tabataba’i University
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chocking under mental pressure on movement variability and freezing (freeing) of degrees of freedom in skilled and novice table tennis players. To this purpose 16 table tennis players (8 skilled and 8 novice) were selected by in access method and performed 10 top spine strike under general and stress conditions. The measures of intra-limb variability and coupling were calculated. Results showed that movement variability for skilled group is lower than novice group, but there is no difference between two conditions (general and stress). The joint coupling was also lower for skilled group than novices. Furthermore, the results showed that stress condition leads to higher coupling between joints in skilled and novice groups. These results were interpreted according to coordination and control view and also according to the view of freezing and freeing degrees of freedom. Generally, in mental pressure situations participants may return to novice strategy to freeze degrees of freedom.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chocking Under Pressure
  • Movement Variability
  • Joints Coupling
  • Freezing Degrees of Freedom
  • Coordination

مراجع

1. Beilock, S. L., & Carr, T. H. (2001). On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 701.
2. Beilock, S. L., & Gray, R. (2007). Why do athletes choke under pressure? In G. Tenenbaum & R. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed ed., pp. 425-444). Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3. Beilock, S. L., Kulp, C. A., Holt, L. E., & Carr, T. H. (2004). More on the fragility of performance: choking under pressure in mathematical problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(4), 584.
4. Bernstein, N. A.(1967) The Coordination and Regulation of Movements. ed: Pergamon Press, Oxford.
5. Bernstein, N. A. (1967). The co-ordination and regulation of movements.
6. Bootsma, R. J., & van Wieringen, P. C. (1990). Timing an attacking forehand drive in table tennis. Journal of experimental psychology: Human perception and performance, 16(1), 21.
7. Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., & Koh, M. (2007). Variation in coordination of a discrete multiarticular action as a function of skill level. Journal of motor behavior, 39(6), 463-479.
8. Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., & Koh, M. (2008). Coordination changes in a discrete multi-articular action as a function of practice. Acta psychologica, 127(1), 163-176.
9. Collins, D., Jones, B., Fairweather, M., Doolan, S., & Priestley, N. (2001). Examining anxiety associated changes in movement patterns. International Journal of Sport Psychology.
10. Cooke, A., Kavussanu, M., McIntyre, D., & Ring, C. (2010). Psychological, muscular and kinematic factors mediate performance under pressure. Psychophysiology, 47(6), 1109-1118.
11. Dai, B., Leigh, S., Li, H., Mercer, V. S., & Yu, B. (2013). The relationships between technique variability and performance in discus throwing. Journal of sports sciences, 31(2), 219-228.
12. Fleisig, G., Chu, Y., Weber, A., & Andrews, J. (2009). Variability in baseball pitching biomechanics among various levels of competition. Sports Biomechanics, 8(1), 10-21.
13. Gray, R. (2004). Attending to the Execution of a Complex Sensorimotor Skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 10(1), 42-54.
14. Higuchi, T., Imanaka, K., & Hatayama, T. (2002). Freezing degrees of freedom under stress: Kinematic evidence of constrained movement strategies. Human movement science, 21(5), 831-846.
15. Land, W., & Tenenbaum, G. (2012). An outcome-and process-oriented examination of a golf-specific secondary task strategy to prevent choking under pressure. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 24(3), 303-322.
16. McDonald, P., Van Emmerik, R., & Newell, K. (1989). The effects of practice on limb kinematics in a throwing task. Journal of motor behavior, 21(3), 245-264.
17. Mullineaux, D. R., Bartlett, R. M., & Bennett, S. (2001). Research design and statistics in biomechanics and motor control. Journal of sports sciences, 19(10), 739-760.
18. Newell, K. (1985). Coordination, control and skill. Advances in psychology, 27, 295-317.
19. Pijpers, J. R., Oudejans, R. R., Holsheimer, F., & Bakker, F. C. (2003). Anxiety–performance relationships in climbing: a process-oriented approach. Psychology of sport and exercise, 4(3), 283-304.
20. Robins, M. (2013). Constraints on movement variability during a discrete multi-articular action. Sheffield Hallam University.
21. Schorer, J., Baker, J., Fath, F., & Jaitner, T. (2007). Identification of interindividual and intraindividual movement patterns in handball players of varying expertise levels. Journal of motor behavior, 39(5), 409-421.
22. Sidaway, B., Heise, G., & SchoenfelderZohdi, B. (1995). Quantifying the variability of angle-angle plots. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 29(4), 181-197.
23. Spence, J. T., Spence, K. W., & Spielberger, C. D. (1966). The motivational components of manifest anxiety: Drive and drive stimuli. Anxiety and behavior, 291-326.
24. Temprado, J., Della-Grasta, M., Farrell, M., & Laurent, M. (1997). A novice-expert comparison of (intra-limb) coordination subserving the volleyball serve. Human movement science, 16(5), 653-676.
25. Vereijken, B., Emmerik, R. E. v., Whiting, H., & Newell, K. M. (1992). Free (z) ing degrees of freedom in skill acquisition. Journal of motor behavior, 24(1), 133-142.
26. Wagner, H., Pfusterschmied, J., Klous, M., von Duvillard, S. P., & Müller, E. (2012). Movement variability and skill level of various throwing techniques. Human movement science, 31(1), 78-90.
27. Whiting, H., & Vereijken, B. (1993). The acquisiton of coordination in skill learning. International Journal of Sport Psychology.
28. Williams, A. M., Vickers, J., & Rodrigues, S. (2001). The effects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table
29. tennis: A test of Eysenck and Calvo’s processing efficiency theory. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23(4), 438-455.
30. Wilson, C., Simpson, S. E., Van Emmerik, R. E., & Hamill, J. (2008). Coordination variability and skill development in expert triple jumpers. Sports Biomechanics, 7(1), 2-9.
مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی
دوره 6، شماره 22
زمستان 1396
دی 1396
صفحه 145-156

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 آبان 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 آذر 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار