نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم رفتاری و شناختی در ورزش دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

3 پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر خستگی ذهنی بر کارایی عصبی شبکه کنترل اجرایی توجه در افراد ورزشکار است. بدین منظور 22 دانشجوی ورزشکار حرفه‌ای داوطلبانه در پژوهش شرکت کردند. به ‌منظور سنجش سرعت پردازش و میزان درصد خطای شبکه کنترل اجرایی، آزمون شبکه‌های توجه را قبل و بعد از خستگی ذهنی انجام دادند. شرکت‌کنندگان آزمون استروپ را جهت ایجاد خستگی ذهنی به مدت 60 دقیقه انجام دادند و بلافاصله بعد از آن آزمون شبکه‌های توجه را اجرا کردند. نتایج آزمون تی ‌وابسته افزایش معناداری در میزان درصد خطای شبکه کنترل اجرایی در شرایط خستگی ذهنی نشان داد، اما سرعت پردازش تحت تأثیر خستگی ذهنی قرار نگرفت. به‌ طور کلی، این یافته‌ها از کاهش کارایی پردازش تکلیف حمایت می‌کند که تحت تأثیر مبادله سرعت-دقت قرارگرفته است. بنابراین، کاهش دقت پردازش نشان‌دهندۀ فعالیت مکانیسم بازداری و بهبود سرعت پردازش ناشی از درگیری مکانیسم تسهیل سیستم تنظیم دوگانه را می‌توان بیان کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Cognitive Fatigue on the Neural Efficacy of the Executive Control Network among Athletes: Dual Regulation System Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Mohammadzadeh 1
  • alireza farsi 2
  • Reza Khosrowabadi 3

1 shahid beheshti university, Department of Cognitive Sciences and Behavior in sport, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Beheshti University

2 shahid beheshti university

3 the Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mental fatigue on the neural efficacy of the executive control network in athletes. To this aim, 22 professional athletes’ students participated voluntarily. In order to measure the processing speed and the percentage of error in the control network, attention network test was conducted before and after mental fatigue. The subjects performed the Stroop test for 60 minutes in order to create mental fatigue. Then, they were asked to perform the attention network test. The results of dependent t-test indicated a significant increase in the error rate of the executive control network during mental fatigue. However, processing speed was not affected by mental fatigue. The findings support the reduction in the efficiency of task processing, which is influenced by the speed-accuracy exchange. Therefore, decreasing the effect of processing accuracy indicated the inhibition mechanism and the improvement of processing speed caused by activating the facilitation mechanism in the dual-regulation system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Facilitation System
  • Inhibition System
  • Mental Fatigue
  • Executive Control
1. Bartlett, F. C. (1941). Fatigue following highly skilled work. Nature, 147, 717–718.
2. Blair, C., & Ursache, A. (2011). A bidirectional model of executive functions and self-regulation. Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications, 2,300-320.
3. Boksem, M. A., Meijman, T. F., & Lorist, M. M. (2005). Effects of mental fatigue on attention: an ERP study. Cognitive brain research, 25(1), 107-116.
4. Boksem, M. A., Meijman, T. F., & Lorist, M. M. (2006). Mental fatigue, motivation and action monitoring. Biological psychology, 7(2), 123-132.
5. Boksem, M. A., & Tops, M. (2008). Mental fatigue: costs and benefits. Brain research reviews, 59(1), 125-139.
6. Chaudhuri, A., & Behan, P. O. (2000). Fatigue and basal ganglia. Journal of the neurological sciences, 179(1-2), 34-42.
7. Hancock, P. A., & Desmond, P. A. (2001). Active and passive fatigue states, STRESS, WORKLOAD AND FATIGUE pp. 455-465 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
8. Faber, L. G., Maurits, N. M., & Lorist, M. M. (2012). Mental fatigue affects visual selective attention. PloS one, 7(10), e48073.
9. Fitts, P. M., & Peterson, J. R. (1964). Information capacity of discrete motor responses. Journal of experimental psychology, 67 (2), 103.
10. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior research methods, 39(2), 175-191.
11. Holtzer, R., Shuman, M., Mahoney, J. R., Lipton, R., & Verghese, J. (2010). Cognitive fatigue defined in the context of attention networks. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 18(1), 108-128.
12. Hopstaken, J. F., van der Linden, D., Bakker, A. B., Kompier, M. A., & Leung, Y. K. (2016). Shifts in attention during mental fatigue: Evidence from subjective, behavioral, physiological, and eye-tracking data. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 42(6), 878.
13. Huertas, F., Zahonero, J., Sanabria, D., & Lupiáñez, J. (2011). Functioning of the attentional networks at rest vs. during acute bouts of aerobic exercise. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(5), 649-665.
14. Ishii, A., Tanaka, M., Iwamae, M., Kim, C., Yamano, E., & Watanabe, Y. (2013). Fatigue sensation induced by the sounds associated with mental fatigue and its related neural activities: revealed by magnetoencephalography. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 9(1), 24.
15. Ishii, A., Tanaka, M., & Watanabe, Y.(2014). Neural mechanisms of mental fatigue. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 25(4), 469-479.
16. Job, R., & Dalziel, J. (2001). Defining fatigue as a condition of the organism and distinguishing it from habituation, adaptation, and boredom. Stress, workload, and fatigue, 466-475.
17. Kumar, N., Wheaton, L. A., Snow, T. K., & Millard-Stafford, M. (2015). Exercise and caffeine improve sustained attention following fatigue independent of fitness status. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 3(2), 104-121.
18. Lorist, M. M. (2008). Impact of top-down control during mental fatigue. Brain research, 1232, 113-123.
19. Lorist, M. M., & Faber, L. G. (2011). Consideration of the influence of mental fatigue on controlled and automatic cognitive processes and related neuromodulatory effects. Cognitive fatigue: multidisciplinary perspectives on current research and future applications. Washington: American Psychological Association, 105-126.
20. Lorist, M. M., Klein, M., Nieuwenhuis, S., De Jong, R., Mulder, G., & Meijman, T. F. (2000). Mental fatigue and task control: planning and preparation. Psychophysiology, 37(5), 614-625.
21. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychological bulletin, 109(2), 163.
22. Matthews, G., & Desmond, P. A. (2002). Task-induced fatigue states and simulated driving performance. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 55(2), 659-686.
23. Mezzacappa, E. (2004). Alerting, orienting, and executive attention: Developmental properties and sociodemographic correlates in an epidemiological sample of young, urban children. Child development, 75(5), 1373-1386.
24. Murray, S. O., & Wojciulik, E. (2004). Attention increases neural selectivity in the human lateral occipital complex. Nature neuroscience, 7(1), 70.
25. Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual review of neuroscience, 35, 73-89.
26. Posner, M. I., & Fan, J. (2008). Attention as an organ system. Topics in integrative neuroscience, 31-61.
27. Ridderinkhof, K. (2002). A Dual-route Processing Architecture for Stimulus-Response Correspondence Effects, Vol. 19: New York: Oxford University Press.
28. Rozand, V., Lebon, F., Papaxanthis, C., & Lepers, R. (2015). Effect of mental fatigue on speed–accuracy trade-off. Neuroscience, 297, 219-230.
29. Rueda, M. R., Checa, P., & Cómbita, L. M. (2012). Enhanced efficiency of the executive attention network after training in preschool children: immediate changes and effects after two months. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, S192-S204.
30. Schefke, T., & Gronek, P. (2010). Improving attentional processes in sport: defining attention, attentional skills and attention types. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism, 17(4), 295.
31. Smith, M. R., Coutts, A. J., Merlini, M., Deprez, D., Lenoir, M., & Marcora, S. M. (2016). Mental fatigue impairs soccer-specific physical and technical performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(2), 267-276.
32. Spagna, A., Mackie, M.-A., & Fan, J. (2015). Supramodal executive control of attention. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 65.
33. Stroop, J. R. (1992). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121(1), 15.
34. Tanaka, M., & Watanabe, Y. (2011). Neural compensation mechanisms to regulate motor output during physical fatigue. Brain research, 1395, 46-52.
35. Van Cutsem, J., Marcora, S., De Pauw, K., Bailey, S., Meeusen, R., & Roelands, B. (2017). The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 47(8), 1569-1588.
36. Van der Linden, D., & Eling, P. (2006). Mental fatigue disturbs local processing more than global processing. Psychological research, 70(5), 395-402.
37. Veness, D., Patterson, S. D., Jeffries, O., & Waldron, M. (2017). The effects of mental fatigue on cricket-relevant performance among elite players. Journal of sports sciences, 35(24), 2461-2467.
38. Xuan, B., Mackie, M.-A., Spagna, A., Wu, T, Tian, Y., Hof, P. R., & Fan, J. (2016). The activation of interactive attentional networks. NeuroImage, 129, 308-319.