نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه تهران
2 دانشیار دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر عملکرد ورزشکاران خستگی است. با اطلاع از پیامدهای خستگی بر عملکرد افراد، میتوان برای پیشگیری از آن در تمرینات ملاحظات ویژهای در نظر گرفت. بنابراین دانستن اینکه در هنگام بروز خستگی مرکزی و محیطی، ورزشکار تحت چه شرایطی قرار میگیرد، میتواند کلید موفقیت هر مربی باشد. لذا، هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین تأثیر خستگی مرکزی و محیطی بر سرعت و دقت شوت بازیکنان هندبال بود. بدین منظور 16 بازیکن دختر تیم هندبال دانشگاه تهران (با میانگین سنی4±23) در پژوهش حاضر شرکت داشتند. پس از کسب رضایت آگاهانه و تکمیل پرسشنامة دست برتری ادینبورگ، پیشآزمون سرعت و دقت شوت هندبال زین در 11کوشش متوالی از شرکتکنندگان گرفته شد. سپس به طور تصادفی به دو گروه خستگی مرکزی و محیطی تقسیم شدند. گروه خستگی محیطی تحت دو ساعت تمرین پرفشار بدنی و گروه خستگی مرکزی به وسیلة آزمون استروپ تحت خستگی ذهنی قرار گرفتند. پس از اعمال مداخلة مورد نظر پسآزمون مشابه پیشآزمون گرفته شد. نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب 2 در2، در متغیر سرعت نشان داد اثر اصلی آزمون (021/0=P) و اثر تعاملی آزمون و گروه (01/0=P) معنادار بود؛ ولی اثر اصلی گروه معنادار نبود (19/0=P). نتایج تی مستقل نشان داد بین سرعت شوت دو گروه در پسآزمون تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت (024/0=P) و سرعت گروه خستگی محیطی کمتر از خستگی مرکزی بود. با این حال در متغیر دقت هیچ یک از اثرات اصلی گروه (24/0=P) و تعاملی آزمون و گروه (42/0=P) معنادار نبود. بنابراین طبق نظریه سیستمهای پویا خستگی محیطی تأثیر منفی بر ویژگیهای بیرونی حرکت می‌گذارد و متأثر از کاهش ظرفیت اندام‌های مجری است ولی خستگی مرکزی بر پارامتر حرکت (سرعت) اثرگذار نیست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of Central and Peripheral Fatigue on Throwing Accuracy and Velocity in Handball
نویسندگان [English]
- Arezou Izadi 1
- Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni 2
- masoumeh doosti 1
1 University of tehran
2 Associate Prof. University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
Fatigue is one of the factors affecting the performance of athletes. By understanding the consequences and impact of fatigue on the performance of individuals, certain considerations can be taken into account to prevent it during exercises. Therefore, knowing what an athlete goes through while experiencing central and peripheral fatigue can be the key to success for coaches. Thus, the present study aims to determine the effect of central and peripheral fatigue on throwing accuracy and velocity of handball players. To this purpose, 16 female players of University of Tehran Handball team (with the average age of 23±4) were selected to participate in the study. Giving their informed consent and filling the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory questionnaire, participants took throwing accuracy and velocity pre-test for 11 times consecutively. Thereafter, they were assigned into two groups randomly: central fatigue group and peripheral fatigue group. Two-hour high-intensity physical exercise was used for the peripheral fatigue group and Stroop task was used for central fatigue group to induce mental fatigue. After the given intervention, post-test was conducted similar to the pre-test. Results of 2×2 compound variance of velocity variable indicated that main effect of test (P = 0.021) and interaction effect between group and test (P = 0.01) were significant. However, main effect of group (P = 0.19) was non-significant. Independent t-test results revealed that there is a significant difference between throwing velocity of the two groups (P = 0.024) in post-test, and peripheral fatigue group showed lesser velocity rate compared to central fatigue group. Nonetheless, regarding accuracy variable, no significance was found in the main effect of group (P = 0. 24) and interaction effect between test and group (P = 0.42). Therefore, according to dynamic systems theory, peripheral fatigue has a negative impact on external features of movement, and it is as a result of reduced capacity of effectors; however, central fatigue fails to affect kinetic parameter (velocity).
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Mental fatigue
- accuracy
- physical fatigue
- velocity
- flicker fusion
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