نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 استاد رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه تهران
2 کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی ، گروه تربیت بدنی ، دانشکده علوم انسانی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، مشهد ،ایران
3 دکتری رشد و تکامل و یادگیری حرکتی ، استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی ، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، مشهد ، ایران
چکیده
هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر فعالیت بدنی و آموزش روش آرام سازی پیشرونده عضلانی بر سطح اضطراب و استرس ادراک شده در بیماران مبتلا به کووید-19 بود. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی بود. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری در دسترس 48 بیمار مبتلا به کووید-19 از بین مراجعه کنندگان به پایگاه 16 ساعته تشخیص کرونا کووید-19 در ناحیه چهار مشهد انتخاب شدند. با غربالگری بر اساس پرسشنامه فعالیت بدنی بک در 4 گروه (2 آزمایش و 2 گروه گواه) قرار گرفتند. گروه های تمرینی به مدت 6 هفته به تمرین آرام سازی پیشرونده عضلانی پرداختند. تمامی شرکتکننده ها در مراحل پیش آزمون و پس آزمون پرسشنامه استرس- اضطراب- افسردگی DASS-21 را تکمیل کردند. داده ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل واریانس با طرح آمیخته تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها نشان داد تأثیر روش آرام سازی بر کاهش استرس افراد مبتلا به کووید-19 معنادار بود ( 05/0> p). همچنین یافته ها نشان داد اثر تمرین آرام سازی پیشرونده عضلانی در گروه مبتلا و فعال بیشتر از گروه مبتلا و غیرفعال بود ( 05/0> p). یافته ها نشان داد تأثیر روش تمرین آرام سازی بر اضطراب افراد مبتلا در گروه های مبتلا به کووید-19 معنادار نیست ( 05/0< p ). نتیجه اینکه روش آرام سازی پیشرونده عضلانی میتواند به عنوان روشی غیردارویی در کاهش استرس درک شده ناشی از بیماری کووید-19 مؤثر باشد. روش آرام سازی روشی بی خطر، مطمئن، کم عارضه و کم هزینه است و در کنار روش های دارویی و سایر مداخلات می تواند در کاهش استرس، ترس و اضطراب ناشی از بیماری کووید-19 مؤثر باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Physical Activity and Training of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on the Level of Anxiety and Perceived Stress in Patients With Covid-19
نویسندگان [English]
- Mahmood Sheykh 1
- zahra mansour jozan 2
- mohammad mahdi amini 3
1 Professor of Motor Behavior, University of Tehran
2 M.A. in Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Ph.D in Physical Education, Assistant Professor of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity and teaching progressive muscle relaxation on the level of anxiety and perceived stress in patients with Covid-19. The research method was quasi-experimental. Using the available sampling method, 48 patients with Covid-19 were selected from the patients referred to the 16-hour coronavid-19 coronation diagnosis center in the fourth district of Mashhad and screened based on Beck physical activity questionnaire in 4 groups. (2 experiments and 2 control groups) were included. The training groups practiced progressive muscle relaxation for 6 weeks. All participants completed the DASS-21 Stress-Anxiety-Depression Inventory during the pre-test and post-test stages. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with mixed design. The results showed that the effect of relaxation method on reducing stress in patients with Covid-19 was significant (p <0.05). The results also showed that the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise in the affected and active groups was greater than the affected and inactive groups (p <0.05). The results showed that the effect of relaxation training method on anxiety in patients with Covid-19 groups was not significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation can be effective as a non-pharmacological method in reducing perceived stress caused by Covid-19 disease. Relaxation method is a safe, uncomplicated and low cost method and along with medication and other interventions can be effective in reducing stress, fear and anxiety caused by Covid-19 disease.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Progressive Muscle Relaxation
- Stress
- Anxiety
- Physical Activity
- Covid-19
2. Afzali, S. M., Masoudi, R., Etemadifar, S., Moradi, M. T., & Moghaddasi, J. (2009). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation program (PMR) on anxiety of patients undergoing coronary heart angiography. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences, 11. In Persian
3. Aghebati, N., Mohammadi, E., & Esmaeil, Z. P. (2010). The effect of relaxation on anxiety and stress of patients with cancer during hospitalization. Iran Journal of Nursing, 23(65), 15-22. In Persian
4. Alipour, A., oraki, M., kharaman, A. (2020). Review of the Neurological and Cognitive Effects of the Covid -19. Neuropsychology, 5(4), 135-146.
5. Alizadeh Fard, Susan, Saffarinia, Majid. (1399). Predicting mental health based on anxiety and social correlation due to coronary heart disease. Social Psychology Research, 9 (36), 129-141.
6. Antall, G. F., & Kresevic, D. (2004). The use of guided imagery to manage pain in an elderly orthopaedic population. Orthopaedic Nursing, 23(5), 335-340.
7. Apóstolo, J. L. A., Mendes, A. C., & Azeredo, Z. A. (2006). Adaptation to Portuguese of the depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS). Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 14(6), 863-871.
8. Avazeh A, Jahanpour F, Mehrpoor G, Hajiesmaeili MR, vahedian-azimi A, Naderi A, et al. (2015). Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on the Self-Esteem of Myocardial Infarction patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study. Nursing Journal Vulnerable, 2(3), 69 - 78. In persian
9. Behlool A, Tahmasebi-Boroujeni Sh, Ezzati R. (2015). Psychological strategies of male and female athletes in individual and team sports. Sports Psychology Studies; 4 (12), 84-73. In Persian
10. Bo, H. X., Li, W., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Xiang, Y. T. (2020). Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychological medicine, 1-2.
11. Chen, Y. L. E., & Francis, A. J. (2010). Relaxation and imagery for chronic, nonmalignant pain: effects on pain symptoms, quality of life, and mental health. Pain management nursing, 11(3), 159-168.
12. Cheung, Y. L., Molassiotis, A., & Chang, A. M. (2003). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and quality of life after stoma surgery in colorectal cancer patients. Psycho‐Oncology: Journal of the Psychological, Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 12(3), 254-266.
13. Fox, A. S., & Shackman, A. J. (2019). The central extended amygdala in fear and anxiety: Closing the gap between mechanistic and neuroimaging research. Neuroscience letters, 693, 58-67.
14. Galvin, J. A., Benson, H., Deckro, G. R., Fricchione, G. L., & Dusek, J. A. (2006). The relaxation response: reducing stress and improving cognition in healthy aging adults. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 12(3), 186-191.
15. Ghafari, S., Ahmadi, F. A. Z. L. O. L. A. H., Nabavi, M., & Memarian, R. O. B. A. B. E. H. (2008). Effects of applying progressive muscle relaxation technique on depression, anxiety and stress of multiple sclerosis patients in Iran National MS Society. Research in Medicine, 32(1), 45-53. In Persian
16. Hamid, N., Hosseinzadeh, A., Kianimoghadam, R. (2015). The Effectiveness of Muscular Relaxation with Positive Imagination of Success on Test Anxiety and Fear of Negative Evaluation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6, No. 4 (24). In Persian
17. Haggag, M. (2019). The Effect of the Training of Gradual Muscular Relaxation in Reducing Psychological Stress among Students of the Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Activity. Int J Behav Res Psychol, 7(2), 247-250.
18. Jacobson E. (1938). Progressive relaxation: A physiological and clinical investigation of muscular states and their significance in psychology and medical practice: University of Chicago Press.
19. Jung, S. M., Akhmetzhanov, A. R., Hayashi, K., Linton, N. M., Yang, Y., Yuan, B., & Nishiura, H. (2020). Real-time estimation of the risk of death from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: inference using exported cases. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(2), 523.
20. Khanna, A., Paul, M., & Sandhu, J. S. (2007). Efficacy of two relaxation techniques in reducing pulse rate among highly stressed females. Calicut Medical Journal, 5(2), 23-25.
21. Liu, K., Chen, Y., Wu, D., Lin, R., Wang, Z., & Pan, L. (2020). Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 101132.
22. Lima, C. K. T., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., Lima, I. D. A. S., de Oliveira Nunes, J. V. A., Saraiva, J. S., de Souza, R. I., ... & Neto, M. L. R. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry research, 112915.
23. Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e17-e18.
24. Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Human kinetics.
25. Mohammadi, M. T., & SHahyad, S. (2020). Health Anxiety during Viral Contagious Diseases and COVID-19 Outbreak: Narrative Review. Journal Mil Med, 22(6), 623-631.
26. Mohammadi, S. Y., & Ahmadi, S. (2018). Effectiveness of progressive relaxation and emotional regulation on quality of life of heart patients. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 22(5), 59-69. In Persian.
27. Mohammadi, M. T. (2020). Psychological Impacts of Covid-19 Outbreak on Mental Health Status of Society Individuals: A Narrative Review. Journal Mil Med, 22(2), 184-192.
28. Richter, M. J., Grimminger, J., Krüger, B., Ghofrani, H. A., Mooren, F. C., Gall, H.,. & Krüger, K. (2017). Effects of exercise training on pulmonary hemodynamics, functional capacity and inflammation in pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary circulation, 7(1), 20-37.
29. Nickel, C., Lahmann, C., Muehlbacher, M., Gil, F. P., Kaplan, P., Buschmann, W., & Anvar, J. (2006). Pregnant women with bronchial asthma benefit from progressive muscle relaxation: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 75(4), 237-243.
30. O’rourke, D. J., Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2014). Relations of parent-and coach-initiated motivational climates to young athletes’ self-esteem, performance anxiety, and autonomous motivation: who is more influential?. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(4), 395-408.
31. Pathak, P., Mahal, R., Kohli, A., & Nimbran, V. (2013). Progressive Muscle Relaxation: An adjuvant therapy for reducing pain and fatigue among hospitalized cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Int J Adv Nurs Stud, 2(2), 58-65.
32. Pourranjbar, M. (2005). Nematola zadeh Mahani K. Effect of aerobic exercise and non-aerobic exercises on anxiety. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 1(13), 51-6. In Persian.
33. Rahmani, M., Bahari, S., Ahmadi, P. (2020). Comparison of psychological skills of Iranian national team athletes in the Asian Games in 2006 and 2018. Sports Psychology Studies (spsyj), doi: 10.22089/spsyj.2020.7027.1752. In Persian.
34. RAHMANINIA, F., MOHEBI, H., & GHOLI, S. B. M. (2010). The effect of walking on quality, quantity and some physiological parameters related to sleep in old men. In Persian.
35. Roditi D, Robinson ME. (2011). The role of psychological interventions in the management of patients with chronic pain. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 4, 41-9.
36. Saket M, Sadoughi M, Azarnia M. (2010). Comparison of the effect of movement limit stress on learning and spatial memory of old and young male rats. Motor Behavior (Research in Sports Science), 10 (32), 165-178.
37. Sardar, M. A., Sohrabi, M. A. H. D. I., Shamsian, A., & Aminzadeh, R. (2009). Effects of aerobic exercise training on the mental and physical health and social functioning of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11(3), 251-256. In Persian.
38. Shahyad, sh, mohamadi, M.T. (2020). Psychological effects of the development of Covid-19 disease on the mental health status of individuals in the community: A review study. Journal of Military Medicine. Volume 22 (2); 184 - 192.
39. Seif-Barghi, T., Kordi, R., & Memari, A. H. (2013). Effect of mental imagery on performance elite athletes' in youth and adult age groups: a randomized trial. Tehran University Medical Journal, 71(3).
40. Sutherland, G., Andersen, M. B., & Morris, T. (2005). Relaxation and health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: the example of autogenic training. Journal of behavioral medicine, 28(3), 249-256.
41. Ströhle, A. (2009). Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. Journal of neural transmission, 116(6), 777.
42. Sinaei, M., Nazem, F., Alaei, H., & Talebi, A. (2019). The role of aerobic exercise training patterns on learning function and memory performance: A review article. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ), 23(5), 563-577.
43. Shirvani, H., & Rostamkhani, F. (2020). Exercise considerations during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A narrative review. Journal of Military Medicine, 22(2), 161-168. In Persian.
44. Tracy, M. F., & Chlan, L. (2011). Nonpharmacological interventions to manage common symptoms in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Critical care nurse, 31(3), 19-28.
45. Vahedian Azimi, A., Payami Bousari, M., & Kashshafi, M. B. (2012). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on perceived stress of patients with myocardial infarction. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, 20(81), 18-27. In Persian
46. Watanabe, E., Fukuda, S., Hara, H., & Maeda, Y. (2006). Differences in relaxation by means of guided imagery in a healthy community sample. Alternative therapies in health and medicine, 12(2), 60.
47. Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229.
48. . Yang, L., Wu, D., Hou, Y., Wang, X., Dai, N., Wang, G., ... & Ruan, L. (2020). Analysis of psychological state and clinical psychological intervention model of patients with COVID-19. medRxiv
49. Zhang, J., Wu, W., Zhao, X., & Zhang, W. (2020). Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: a model of West China Hospital. Precision Clinical Medicine, 3(1), 3-8.
50. Zhou, Y., Liang, Y., Tong, H., & Liu, Z. (2019). Patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among women after an earthquake: a latent profile analysis. Asian journal of psychiatry, 101834.
)