نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده‌ی علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهر قدس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، رواسنجی پرسشنامه‌ی خرافه‌پرستی در ورزش در بازیکنان لیگ برتر فوتبال و فوتسال ایران بود. از این‌رو، با توجه به ماهیت پژوهش، تعیین گردید که تعداد 12 نفر در ازای هر گویه برای پاسخ‌دهی به پرسشنامه‌ها انتخاب گردد که بر این اساس، 456 پرسشنامه در میان بازیکنان توزیع و در نهایت 325 پرسشنامه به‌صورت تکمیل‌شده به دست آمد و مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌ای استاندارد استفاده شد که جهت روایی سنجی آن در جامعه‌ی موردنظر، به فارسی ترجمه و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. به‌منظور تائید روایی ابزار نیز از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی استفاده شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که بار عاملی تمامی سؤالات از مقدار مبنا بالاتر و مدل پژوهش از برازش معناداری برخوردار است. در نهایت، نتایج پژوهش بیانگر این است که پرسشنامه‌ی خرافه‌پرستی در ورزش، قابلیت اجرا و استفاده در ورزش کشور ایران را داشته و می‌توان از آن در سایر جوامع غیر بالینی ورزشی به‌عنوان یک ابزار پژوهشی استفاده کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Validation of the Superstition Questionnaire in Sports in Iranian Football and Futsal Premier League Players
نویسندگان [English]
- bahador azizi 1
- Masoud Aghaei 1
- Mahdi Talebpour 1
- Miad Khedri 2
1 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
This study aimed to evaluate the superstition questionnaire in sports in the players of Iranian football and futsal premier league. Therefore, according to the nature of the research, it is determined that 12 people per item to be selected to answer the questionnaires, based on which 456 questionnaires were distributed among the players, and finally, 325 completed questionnaires were obtained and analyzed. To collect data, a standard questionnaire was used which was translated into Persian and analyzed for validity in the target population. Data analysis showed that the factor load of all questions was higher than the baseline value and the research model had a significant fit. Finally, the research results indicate that the superstitious questionnaire in sports is a multidimensional scale and can be used as a research tool in other non-clinical sports communities
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Team Religion
- Superstition
- Prayer and Worship
- Football
- Futsal
1. Arzhangzadeh, A. (2012). The role of magic in Iranian football, customers of the Magic Superiority Championship. In Persian. Code 77394/ http://old.jamnews.ir.
2. Bleak, J, L., Frederick, C, M. (1998). Superstitious behavior in sport: Levels of effectiveness and determinants of use in three collegiate sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 21(1), 1-15. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292810172
3. Brevers, D., Dan, B., Noel, X., Nils, F. (2011). Sport superstition: Mediation of psychological tension on non-professional sportsman's superstitious rituals. Journal of Sport Behavior, 34(1), 3-24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233398265
4. Burger, J, M., Lynn, A. L. (2005). Superstitious behavior among American and Japanese professional baseball players. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27(1), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2701_7
5. Burke, K, L., Czech, D. R., Knight, J. L., Scott, L. A., Joyner, A. B., Benton, S. G., Roughton, H. K. (2002). An exploratory investigation of superstition, personal control, optimism, and pessimism in NCAA division I intercollegiate student athletes. International Sports Journal, 6, 136-145. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-15750-001
6. Ciborowski, T. (1997). Superstition in the collegiate baseball player. The Sport Psychologist, 1997, 11, 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.11.3.305
7. Cocks, K., Torgerson, D, J. (2013). Sample size calculations for pilot randomized trials: a confidence interval approach. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 197-201. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23195919/
8. Daily newspaper of Khorasan. (2015). Superstition in the green rectangle. In Persian.
9. Damisch, L., Stoberock, B., Mussweiler, T. (2010). Keep your fingers crossed! How superstition improves performance. Psychological Science, 21(7), 1014-1020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20511389/
10. Del Rosario, D. (2017). Superstition in Sport: A Phenomenological Study. Ithaca College Theses, 15-16. https://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/cgi/
11. Fischer, G. J. (1997). Abstention from sex and other pre-game rituals used by college male varsity athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(2), 176-184. https://www.proquest.com/openview
12. Flanagan, E. (2013). Superstitious Ritual in Sport and the Competitive Anxiety Response in Elite and Non-Elite Athletes. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Arts degree (Psychology Specialization) at DBS School of Arts, Dublin, 1-59. https://esource.dbs.ie/handle/10788/1599
13. Foster, D, J., Weigand, D, A., Baines, D. (2006). The effect of removing superstitious behavior and introducing a pre-performance routine on basketball free-throw performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 167-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200500471343
14. Gregory, C, J., Petrie, B, M. (1972). Superstition in sport. Proceedings of the Fourth Canadian Psychomotor Learning and Sports Psychology Symposium, Waterloo: University of Waterloo, 1-30. https://www.yumpu.com
15. Kuper, S. (2006). Soccer against the enemy: how the world’s most popular sport starts and stops wars, fuels revolutions, and keeps dictators in power. Nation books, New York. https://www.amazon.com/Soccer-Against-Enemy-Revolutions-Dictators/dp/1458761665
16. McCallum, J. (1992). Green cars, black cats, and lady luck. In S. J. Hoffman (Ed.), Sport and Religion. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books, 203-211. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227505518
17. Mish, F. C. (2004). The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (12th Ed.). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc. https://learnersdictionary.com/
18. Neil, G., Anderson, B., & Sheppard, W. (1981). Superstitions among male and female athletes of various levels of involvement. Journal of Sport Behavior, 4, 137-148. https://www.proquest.com/openview/889875
19. Rezvani, M., Abdoli, B., Vaez Mousavi, M., K. (2019). The effect of psychological skills on the selected sports performance of female futsal players. Journal of Sports Psychology Studies, 7)23(, 1-16. 10.22089/SPSYJ.2018.1204
20. Rudski, J. (2003). What does a "superstitious" person believe? Impressions of participants. Journal of General Psychology, 130(4), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221300309601168
21. Shahbazi, M., Vazini Taher, A., Rezaei, F. (2020). Comparison of decision-making behavior of elite male football players in different motivational and training situations. Journal of Sports Psychology Studies, 8)27(, 113-128. In Persian. DOI: 10.22089/SPSYJ.2018.5947.1632
22. Tyceba, Е, Н. (2017). Ritual as a means of regulation of the mental state of the athletes. 41-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452956/
23. Van Elk, M. (2017). The self-attribution bias and paranormal beliefs. Consciousness and Cognition, 49, 313–321. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28236749/
24. Vyse, S. A. (1997). Believing in magic: The psychology of superstition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Believing-Magic-Superstition-Stuart-Vyse/dp/0195136349
25. Wann, D, L., Zaichkowsky, L. (2009). Sport team identification and belief in team curses: The case of the Boston Red Sox and the curse of the Bambino. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32(4), 489-502. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-22333-006
26. Womack, M. (1992). Why athletes need ritual: A study of magic among professional athletes. In S. J. Hoffman (Ed.), Sport and religion, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books, 191-202. https://esource.dbs.ie/bitstream/handle/10788/1599/
27. Živanović, N., Ranđelović, N., Savić, Z. (2012). Superstious and Rituals in Modern Sport. APES, 2, 220-224. http://fsprm.m
)