نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه ارومیه
2 استادیار رفتارحرکتی/ دانشگاه ارومیه
3 دانشجوی دکترا/ دانشگاه ارومیه
چکیده
یکی از شناسه‌های مهم عملکرد ورزشی که در طول مسابقه می‌توان بررسی کرد، وضعیت روانی ورزشکاران می‌باشد. افکار منفی که تحت تأثیر تجربیات منفی ورزشکاران در گذشته ایجاد می‌شود، می‌تواند باعث تضعیف عملکرد ورزشکار از سطح مطلوب شود. مقابله با چنین افکاری که به عنوان نشخوار فکری توصیف می‌شوند، با شناسایی و غلبه بر آن‌ها امکان‌پذیر است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین روایی و پایایی نسخۀ فارسی مقیاس نشخوار فکری رقابت ورزشی در جامعۀ ورزشکاران بود. تعداد 384 ورزشکار در حیطه‌های متفاوت ورزشی و با سطوح مختلف مهارتی انتخاب شدند. این مقیاس یک نسخه اقتباس شده از مقیاس نشخوار فکری می‌باشد که برای اهداف خاص ورزشی تغییر داده شده است، برای اندازه‌گیری مشکلات افکار نشخوارکننده مربوط به رقابت در ورزشکاران طراحی شده است و شامل هشت گویه می‌باشد که ویژگی‌های کلیدی نشخوار فکری را در زمینه رقابتی نشان می‌دهد (کرولر و همکاران، 2021). برای تحلیل روایی مقیاس از روایی صوری و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد. برای تحلیل پایایی نیز از ICC و آلفای کرونباخ، و پایایی ترکیبی استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و ضرایب آلفای‌کرونباخ نشان داد که این مقیاس، از ساختار یک‌عاملی و هشت گویه‌ای مقیاس اصلی حمایت کرده و روایی عاملی و پایایی آن را تأیید کرده است؛ بنابراین، نسخۀ فارسی مقیاس نشخوار فکری رقابت ورزشی دارای روایی و پایایی قابل‌‌پذیرشی در ورزشکاران ایرانی با سطوح مختلف مهارتی است و مربیان، ورزشکاران و پژوهشگران می‌توانند از این مقیاس استفاده کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the sports competition rumination scale
نویسندگان [English]
- mahdi babapour 1
- Jalal Dehghanizade 2
- hasan mirali 3
1 urmia university
2 Assistant Professor in Motor Behavior Faculty of sport sciences Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Management Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Ph.D. student
چکیده [English]
One of the essential indicators of sports performance that can be checked during the competition is the mental state of the athletes. Negative thoughts, which are caused by the negative experiences of athletes in the past, can weaken the athlete's performance from the desired level. Coping with such thoughts, which are described as rumination, is possible by identifying and overcoming them. The present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the sports competition rumination scale in the athlete's community. Three hundred eighty-four athletes were selected in different sports fields and with different skill levels. This scale is an adapted version of the Rumination Scale, modified for sport-specific purposes, designed to measure competition-related rumination problems in athletes. It consists of eight items that capture critical features of rumination in a competitive context. (Krohler et al., 2021). Face validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the scale's validity. For reliability analysis, ICC and Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability were used. The results of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed that this scale supported the one-factor and eight-item structure of the original scale and confirmed its factorial validity and reliability; Therefore, the Persian version of the sports competition rumination scale has acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian athletes with different skill levels, and coaches, athletes, and researchers can use this scale.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Sports Competition Rumination Scale
- Validity
- Reliability
- Athletes
- Abdolahi, S., Khanizadeh, S., & Abdollahi, M H. (2021). Impact of event and community involvement on the behavioral intentions of volunteers in 14th Sports Olympiad for University Students in Iran. Journal of Sociological and Managerial Analysis in Sports, 2(7), 71-93. (In Persian).
- Allen, M. S., Robson, D. A., Martin, L. J., & Laborde, S. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of self-serving attribution biases in the competitive context of organized sport. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(7), 1027-1043.
- Beckmann, J., & Kossak, T. (2018). Motivation and volition in sports. Motivation and Action, 853-889.
- Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., & Morgan, G. (2012). Mindfulness to enhance athletic performance: Theoretical considerations and possible impact mechanisms. Mindfulness, 3(3), 235-246.
- Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149.
- Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(2), 113-124.
- Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Triplett, K. N., Vishnevsky, T., & Lindstrom, C. M. (2011). Assessing posttraumatic cognitive processes: The event related rumination inventory. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 24(2), 137-156.
- Casali, N., Ghisi, M., Jansen, P., Feraco, T., & Meneghetti, C. (2022). What can affect competition anxiety in athletes? The role of self-compassion and repetitive negative thinking. Psychological Reports, 125(4), 2009-2028.
- Caselli, G., Bortolai, C., Leoni, M., Rovetto, F., & Spada, M. M. (2008). Rumination in problem drinkers. Addiction Research & Theory, 16(6), 564-571.
- Chen, J., Rapee, R. M., & Abbott, M. J. (2013). Mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and post-event rumination. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(1), 1-8.
- Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), 192-205.
- Ehring, T., Zetsche, U., Weidacker, K., Wahl, K., Schönfeld, S., &Ehlers, A. (2011). The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(2), 225-232.
- Elbe, A.-M., & Beckmann, J. (2006). Motivational and self-regulatory factors and sport performance in young elite athletes. Essential Processes for Attaining Peak Performance, 137-157.
- Gavin, J., Keough, M., Abravanel, M., Moudrakovski, T., & Mcbrearty, M. (2014). Motivations for participation in physical activity across the lifespan. International Journal of Wellbeing, 4(1), 46-61.
- Jansen, P., Hoja, S., & Meneghetti, C. (2021). Does repetitive thinking mediate the relationship between self-compassion and competition anxiety in athletes? Cogent Psychology, 8(1), 1909243.
- Joormann, J. (2005). Inhibition, rumination, and mood regulation in depression. In R. W. Engle, G. Sedek, U. von Hecker, & D. N. McIntosh (Eds.), Cognitive limitations in aging and psychopathology(pp. 275–312). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Josefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Lindwall, M., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Böröy, J., et al. (2017). Mindfulness mechanisms in sports: Mediating effects of rumination and emotion regulation on sport-specific coping. Mindfulness, 8, 1354-1363.
- Karafil, A. Y., & Pehlivan, E. (2023). Spor Müsabakaları Ruminasyon Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 8-15.
- Kircanski, K., Thompson, R. J., Sorenson, , Sherdell, L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2018). The everyday dynamics of rumination and worry: Precipitant events and affective consequences. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1424-1436.
- Kirkegaard Thomsen, D. (2006). The association between rumination and negative affect: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 20(8), 1216-1235.
- Kocsel, N., Köteles, F., Szemenyei, E., Szabó, E., Galambos, A., & Kökönyei, G. (2019). The association between perseverative cognition and resting heart rate variability: A focus on state ruminative thoughts. Biological Psychology, 145, 124-133.
- Kröhler, A. (2019). Einfluss dysfunktionaler Gedanken auf die sportliche Leistung im Kontext des (Hoch-) Leistungssports: ein sportartübergreifender Überblick. Verlag Dr. Kovač.
- Kröhler, A., & Berti, S. (2019). Taking action or thinking about it? State orientation and rumination are correlated in athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 576.
- Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2017). Self-distancing: Theory, research, and current directions. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 81-136.
- Krys, S. (2020). Goal-directed rumination and its antagonistic effects on problem solving: A two-week diary study. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 33(5), 530-544.
- Krys, S., Otte, K.-P., & Knipfer, K. (2020). Academic performance: A longitudinal study on the role of goal-directed rumination and psychological distress. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 33(5), 545-559.
- Ling, F. C. M., Simmons, J., & Horton, M. (2023). Development and validation of physical activity-specific rumination scale for children through UK children’s voice. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(1), 283-293.
- Ling, F. C., McManus, A. M., Knowles, G., Masters, R. S., & Polman, R. C. (2015). Do children emotionally rehearse about their body image? Journal of Health Psychology, 20(9), 1133-1141.
- Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on retrieval of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 166.
- Lyubomirsky, S., Kasri, F., & Zehm, K. (2003). Dysphoric rumination impairs concentration on academic tasks. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 309-330.
- Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1989). Toward a motivational and structural theory of ruminative thought. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 306–326). London: The Guilford Press.
- Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (2013). Some ruminative thoughts. In Ruminative thoughts (pp. 1-47): London: Psychology Press.
- Michel-Kröhler, A., Kaurin, A., Heil, L. F., & Berti, S. (2021). Self-distancing as a strategy to regulate affect and aggressive behavior in athletes: An experimental approach to explore emotion regulation in the laboratory. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 572030.
- Michel-Kröhler, A., Krys, S., & Berti, S. (2023). Development and preliminary validation of the sports competition rumination scale (SCRS). Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(2), 265-283.
- Moberly, N. J., & Watkins, E. R. (2010). Negative affect and ruminative self-focus during everyday goal pursuit. Cognition & Emotion, 24(4), 729-739.
- Mosewich, A. D., Crocker, P. R., Kowalski, K. C., & DeLongis, A. (2013). Applying self-compassion in sport: An intervention with women athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(5), 514-524.
- Mosewich, A. D., Ferguson, L. J., McHugh, T.-L. F., & Kowalski, K. C. (2019). Enhancing capacity: Integrating self-compassion in sport. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 10(4), 235-243.
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2002). How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(4), 599-620.
- Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504.
- Riley, K. E., Park, C. L., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2019). A daily diary study of rumination and health behaviors: Modeling moderators and mediators. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 53(8), 743-755.
- Roy, M. M., Memmert, D., Frees, A., Radzevick, J., Pretz, J., & Noël, B. (2016). Rumination and performance in dynamic, team sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 2016.
- Stevens, J. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (4th ). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6). Boston, MA: Pearson.
- Terry, P. C., Lane, A. M., & Fogarty, G. J. (2003). Construct validity of the Profile of Mood States—Adolescents for use with adults. Psychology of sport and exercise, 4(2), 125-139.
- Thomas, O., Maynard, I., & Hanton, S. (2004). Temporal aspects of competitive anxiety and self-confidence as a function of anxiety perceptions. The Sport Psychologist, 18(2), 172-187.
- Watson, L. A., Berntsen, D., Kuyken, W., & Watkins, E. R. (2012). The characteristics of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in depressed and never depressed individuals. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(3), 1382-1392.
- Zetsche, U., Bürkner, P.-C., & Schulze, L. (2018). Shedding light on the association between repetitive negative thinking and deficits in cognitive control–A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 63, 56-65.
)