نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
چکیده
هدف پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی tDCS بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و تصمیم‌گیری اجتماعی در بازیکنان ماهر، نیمه ماهر و مبتدی فوتبال انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه‌تجربی با دو گروه آزمایش و ساختگی (شم) به همراه پیش آزمون و پس آزمون بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی بازیکنان فوتبال استان کردستان بودند که از بین آنها تعداد 60 نفر مرد در سطح ماهر، نیمه ماهر و مبتدی به شیوۀ در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و شم گماشته شدند. گروه آزمایش، سه جلسه تحریک آندی با شدت 2 میلی آمپر به مدت 20 دقیقه دریافت کرد و گروه کنترل نیز سه جلسه تحریک الکتریکی به صورت شم را دریافت نمود. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از آزمون دسته‌‌بندی کارت‌های ویسکانسین و بازی اولتیماتوم استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیره (ANCOVA) در نرم‌افزار SPSS-22 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که tDCS به طور کلی منجر به افزایش معنادار انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و بهبود تصمیم‌گیری اجتماعی در فوتبالیست‌های گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه شم شده است (001/0>p). همچنین، نتایج آزمون بونفرونی نشان داد که tDCS باعث افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی فوتبالیست‌های ماهر و نیمه ماهر در گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه شم شده است (001/0>p) ولی بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی فوتبالیست‌های مبتدی تأثیر معناداری را نداشته اشت (422/0=p).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر، برای روانشناسان ورزشی و مربیان فوتبال پیامدهای کاربردی به همراه دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cognitive Flexibility and Social Decision-making in Skilled, Semi-skilled, and Amateur Football Players
نویسندگان [English]
- Erfan Izadpanah 1
- Mehdi Zemestani 2
- Mohammad Maleki 3
1 Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
Objectives: The aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of tDCS on cognitive flexibility and social decision-making in skilled, semi-skilled, and amateur football players.
Method & Materials: The study was semi-experimental research with two experimental and sham groups along with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included all the football players in Kurdistan province, among whom 60 men football players at the skilled, semi-skilled and amateur levels were selected in convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received three sessions of anodal stimulation with a current intensity of 2 mA, 20 min per session, and the sham group received three sessions of sham stimulation. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Ultimatum Game (UG) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by the SPSS-22.
Results: The results showed that tDCS generally led to a significant increase in cognitive flexibility and improved social decision-making in football players in the experimental group compared to the sham group (P>0.001). Also, the results of the Bonferroni posthoc test showed that tDCS increased the cognitive flexibility of skilled and semi-skilled football players in the experimental group compared to the sham group, (P>0.001) but it had no significant effect on the cognitive flexibility of amateur football players (P=0.422).
Conclusions: The results of the present study have practical implications for sports psychologists and football coaches.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Transcranial direct current stimulation
- executive functions
- cognitive flexibility
- social decision-making
- athletes
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