راهبردهای روان‌شناختی زنان و مردان ورزشکار در رشته‌های ورزشی انفرادی و تیمی

بهلول, اکبر; طهماسبی بروجنی, شهرزاد; عزتی, ریحانه

راهبردهای روان‌شناختی زنان و مردان ورزشکار در رشته‌های ورزشی انفرادی و تیمی

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد یادگیری و کنترل حرکتی دانشگاه تهران

² استادیار دانشگاه تهران

³ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آموزش تربیت‌بدنی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسۀ راهبردهای روانشناختی زنان و مردان ورزشکار در رشتههای تیمی و انفرادی می‌باشد. 394 نفر از ورزشکاران دوازدهمین المپیاد ورزشی به تکمیل نسخۀ دوم پرسشنامۀ راهبردهای اجرا که دارای همسانی درونی بیش از 70/0 است، پرداختند. نتایج تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره نشان داد که در شرایط تمرین، مردان در هدفگزینی و کنترل توجه بهتر از زنان می‌باشند و زنان در کنترل هیجان عملکرد بهتری دارند. همچنین، در شرایط مسابقه، مردان در خودکاری و حواسپرتی امتیازات بهتری نسبت به زنان کسب کرده‌اند. ورزشکاران رشتههای تیمی نیز حین تمرین، در مهارتهای آرام سازی و کنترل توجه و در حین مسابقه، در مهارتهای فعالسازی و خودکاری دارای عملکرد بهتری نسبت به ورزشکاران رشتههای انفرادی هستند؛ بنابراین، پیشنهاد میشود در آموزش مهارتهای روانشناختی، رشتۀ ورزشی و شرایط تمرین و مسابقه به‌عنوان عوامل مهم تأثیرگذار مدنظر قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.23452978.1394.4.12.6.1

عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychological Strategies Athlete Females and Males in Individual and Team Sports

نویسندگان [English]

Akbar Bohloul ¹
Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni ²
Reihaneh Ezzati ³

چکیده [English]

The purpose of present research was to compare the psychological strategies between male and female athletes and individual and team sports. 394 athletes from student Olympiad twelfth completed the test of performance strategies- 2 questionnaire that has stability and consistency above 0.70. The MANOVA analysis revealed that in practice, male athletes were significantly better in goal-setting and attention control compared to female athletes but, females had better emotional control. During competition, male athletes performed better compared to female athletes in automaticity and distractibility. In addition, team players were characterized by higher scores in relaxation skills and attention control in practice and activation and automaticity in competition compared to individual players. So, it is suggested to consider, sports type, practice and competition as effective factors for teaching psychological skills.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Performance Strategies
Practice Conditions
Competition Conditions
athlete
Psychological Skills

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