نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Recent advancements in sports psychology emphasize the role of mental imagery in enhancing athletic performance, particularly for complex motor skills. The PETTLEP model (Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, Perspective) provides a structured approach to motor imagery, promoting functional equivalence between imagined and actual performance. This study investigated the effects of PETTLEP-based imagery on the backward somersault in swimming while exploring self-efficacy as a potential mediator.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 45 national-level male swimmers (18–25 years). Participants were assigned to either a PETTLEP imagery group (18 sessions over six weeks) or a control group. Biomechanical performance (rotation speed, entry angle precision, timing consistency) was assessed, while psychological factors (self-confidence, anxiety) were measured via standardized questionnaires.
Results showed significant improvements in the PETTLEP group: rotation speed increased by 12.7%, entry angle precision improved by 9.3°, and timing consistency (coefficient of variation) decreased from 8.2% to 4.7%. Psychological assessments revealed an 18.6-point increase in self-confidence and a 22.4% reduction in competitive anxiety. Path analysis indicated dual mechanisms: a direct effect of imagery on performance (β = 0.42) and an indirect effect mediated by self-efficacy (β = 0.31). Neurocognitive data supported these findings, showing enhanced sensorimotor activation and cortical connectivity.
The study confirms PETTLEP imagery as an effective tool for improving both physical and psychological aspects of complex aquatic skills. Practical applications include integrating structured imagery sessions into training, using video feedback, and monitoring psychological outcomes. Future research should explore long-term retention, individualized protocols, and broader applications in sports training.
کلیدواژهها English
