1. Arafa, A., Yasui, Y., Kokubo, Y., Kato, Y., Matsumoto, C., Teramoto, M., Nosaka, S., & Kogirima, M. (2024). Lifestyle Behaviors of Childhood and Adolescence: Contributing Factors, Health Consequences, and Potential Interventions. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 15598276241245941. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276241245941
2. Azizi Z. (2022). Fairness in assessment practices in online education: Iranian University English teachers’ perceptions. Language Testing in Asia, 12(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-022-00164-7
3. Barman, L., McGrath, C., Josephsson, S., Silén, C., & Bolander Laksov, K. (2022). Safeguarding fairness in assessments-How teachers develop joint practices. Medical Education, 56(6), 651–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14789
4. Bevans, K., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Sanchez, B., & Forrest, C. B. (2010). Individual and Instructional Determinants of Student Engagement in Physical Education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 29(4), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.29.4.399
5. Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
6. Chan P. (2013). FAIRness and clinical teaching. Medical Teacher, 35(9), 779–781. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2013.799639
7. Chen, S., Sun, H., Zhu, X., & Chen, A. (2014). Relationship between motivation and learning in physical education and after-school physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 85(4), 468–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2014.961054
8. Dana, A., Ranjbari, S., Chaharbaghi, Z., & Ghorbani, S. (2023). Association between Physical Activity and Motor Proficiency among Primary School Children. International Journal of School Health, 10(3), 128-135. https://doi.org/10.30476/intjsh.2023.98237.1295
9. Gholami, A. (2024). The Integration of Spiritual Curriculum into Primary School Physical Education in Relation to Transformational Teaching Approaches. Physical Activity in Children, 1(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.61186/pach.416547.1005
10. Hao, Y., & Razman, R. (2023). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity levels of children with intellectual disability during physical education classes. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1056191. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1056191
11. Hong, Y., Cai, J., Lan, R., Wang, K., Lian, R., & Chen, L. (2022). Empathy and teachers' fairness behavior: The mediating role of moral obligation and moderating role of social value orientation. PloS One, 17(6), e0268681. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268681
12. Kaufman, E. M., & Killen, M. (2022). Children's Perspectives on Fairness and Inclusivity in the Classroom. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 25, e28. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2022.24
13. Khajeaflaton Mofrad, S. (2024). Impact of a Novelty-based Intervention in Physical Education on Motivation and Physical Activity of Children with ADHD. Physical Activity in Children, 1(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.61186/pach.198541
14. Khanbeiki, A. (2024). The Effects of Mindfulness Training in the Physical Education on Intention to Physical Activity, Mental Health and Academic Performance among High-School Students. Physical Activity in Children, 1(1), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.61186/pach.2024.470015.1022
15. Baniasadi, T., Ranjbari, S., Abedini, A., Dana, A., & Ghorbani, S. (2022). Investigation the Association of Internet Addiction with Mental Health and Physical Activity in Teenage Girls: The Mediating Role of Parental Attitude. Women’s Health Bulletin, 9(4), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.30476/whb.2022.96915.1197.
16. Li, J., & Xue, E. (2023). Dynamic Interaction between Student Learning Behaviour and Learning Environment: Meta-Analysis of Student Engagement and Its Influencing Factors. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010059
17. Ghorbani, S., Rezaeeshirazi, R., Shakki, M., Noohpisheh, S., Farzanegi, P. (2020). The role of BMI, physical activity and the use of electronic device in the status of trunk abnormalities in male adolescents. Journal of Gorgan University of Medecal Sciences, 22(3), 129-136.
18. Marsh H. W. (1996). Physical Self-Description Questionnaire: stability and discriminant validity. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 67(3), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1996.10607952
19. Nivette, A., Obsuth, I., Ribeaud, D., & Eisner, M. (2022). Fair Teachers, Fair Police? Assessing the Pathways between Perceptions of Teacher and Police Authority in Childhood and Adolescence. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 51(2), 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01537-6
20. Raghuveer, G., Hartz, J., Lubans, D. R., Takken, T., Wiltz, J. L., Mietus-Snyder, M., Perak, A. M., Baker-Smith, C., Pietris, N., Edwards, N. M., & American Heart Association Young Hearts Athero, Hypertension and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young (2020). Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth: An Important Marker of Health: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 142(7), e101–e118. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000866
21. Rasooli, A., & DeLuca, C. (2024). A critical review of fairness from multiple perspectives: Implications for classroom assessment theory. Applied Measurement in Education, 37(2), 148–164.
22. Shernof, D. J., Ruzek, E. A., Sannella, A. J., Schorr, R. Y., Sanchez-Wall, L., & Bressler, D. M. (2017). Student Engagement as a General Factor of Classroom Experience: Associations with Student Practices and Educational Outcomes in a University Gateway Course. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 994. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00994
23. Sonnleitner, P., & Kovacs, C. (2020). Differences between students' and teachers' fairness perceptions: Exploring the potential of a self-administered questionnaire to improve teachers' assessment practices. Frontiers in Education, 5, 1–17.
24. Tahmassian, K., & Anari, A. (2009). The Relation between domains of self-efficacy and Depression in adolescence. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(1), 84–94.
25. Uddin, R., Salmon, J., Islam, S. M. S., & Khan, A. (2020). Physical education class participation is associated with physical activity among adolescents in 65 countries. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 22128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79100-9
26. Valadi, S., Dehghanizadeh, J., Gabbard, C., & Cairney, J. (2025). Effectiveness of affordances on physical literacy and quality of life: investigating the nonlinear approach of fundamental movement skills and a selection of handball sports skills. BMC Pediatrics, 25(1), 575. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05916-x
27. van Sluijs, E. M. F., Ekelund, U., Crochemore-Silva, I., Guthold, R., Ha, A., Lubans, D., Oyeyemi, A. L., Ding, D., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2021). Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet, 398(10298), 429–442.
28. Watson, A., Timperio, A., Brown, H., Best, K., & Hesketh, K. D. (2017). Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on academic and physical activity outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 14(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0569-9
29. Zhang, W., Guan, Y., Hu, Z., Wang, C., Lu, D., & Lu, H. (2025). Interplay of student characteristics multidimensional engagement and influencing factors in online computer science education. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 6976. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90142-9
