تأثیر تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت در مقابل تمرین بدنی بر عملکرد غدد درون ریز و عملکرد شناختی در ورزشکاران رقابتی

جدیدی, ندا

doi:10.22089/spsyj.2026.18900.2638

تأثیر تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت در مقابل تمرین بدنی بر عملکرد غدد درون ریز و عملکرد شناختی در ورزشکاران رقابتی

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده

ندا جدیدی

گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و هنر، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران.

10.22089/spsyj.2026.18900.2638

چکیده

هدف: هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت در مقایسه با تمرین بدنی بر شاخص‌های هورمونی و عملکرد شناختی در ورزشکاران رقابتی بود.

روش پژوهش: 60 ورزشکار مرد حرفه‌ای به‌طور تصادفی و مساوی به دو گروه تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت و تمرین بدنی تقسیم شدند. هر گروه به مدت هشت هفته، سه جلسه ۶۰ دقیقه‌ای در هفته تمرین کردند. شاخص‌های هورمونی شامل کورتیزول، تستوسترون، هورمون رشد و IGF-1 و عملکرد شناختی شامل حافظه کاری، آزمون استروپ و سرعت پردازش قبل و بعد از دوره تمرینی اندازه‌گیری شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که گروه تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت کاهش معناداری در کورتیزول (001/0=p) و افزایش معنادار در تستوسترون (008/0=p)، هورمون رشد (03/0=p) و IGF-1 (02/0=p) نسبت به پیش‌آزمون داشت، در حالی که گروه تمرین بدنی تغییرات کمتری نشان داد. همچنین بهبود معنی داری در عملکرد شناختی گروه تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت مشاهده شد: دقت حافظه کاری (001/0>p) و سرعت پردازش (02/0=p) نسبت به پیش‌آزمون افزایش یافت.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت می‌تواند سازگاری‌های هورمونی و شناختی ورزشکاران رقابتی را بهبود بخشد و گزینه‌ای مؤثرتر نسبت به تمرین بدنی صرف باشد. پیشنهاد می گردد مربیان و طراحان تمرین، تمرینات مهارت‌محور با بار شناختی مناسب را برای بهبود عملکرد ذهنی و فیزیولوژیک ورزشکاران در برنامه‌های تمرینی خود گنجانند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تمرین مبتنی بر مهارت

هورمون

عملکرد شناختی

ورزشکاران رقابتی

حافظه کاری

موضوعات

مطالعات بنیادی در روان شناسی ورزشی

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Skill-Based Training versus Physical Training on Endocrine Function and Cognitive Performance in Competitive Athletes

نویسنده English

Neda Jadidi

Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities and arts, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.

چکیده English

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of skill-based training compared to physical training on hormonal indices and cognitive performance in competitive athletes.
Methods: 60 professional male athletes were randomly and equally divided into two groups: skill-based training and physical training. Each group trained for eight weeks, three 60-minute sessions per week. Hormonal indices including cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1, and cognitive performance including working memory, Stroop test, and processing speed were measured before and after the training period.
Results: The results showed that the skill-based training group had a significant decrease in cortisol (p = 0.001) and a significant increase in testosterone (p = 0.008) , growth hormone (p = 0.03) , and IGF-1 (p = 0.02) compared to the pretest, while the physical training group showed smaller changes. Also, significant improvements in cognitive performance were observed in the skill-based training group: working memory accuracy (p < 0.001) and processing speed (p = 0.02) increased compared to the pretest.
Conclusion: The results indicate that skill-based training can improve hormonal and cognitive adaptations in competitive athletes and is a more effective option than physical training alone. It is recommended that coaches and training designers incorporate skill-based exercises with appropriate cognitive load into their training programs to improve the mental and physiological performance of athletes.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Skill-Based Training

Hormone

Cognitive Performance

Competitive Athletes

Working Memory

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