مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی

مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی

تاثیر تهدید کلیشه ای جنسیت بر عملکرد و کینماتیک پرش طول زنان: بررسی نقش کانون توجه بیرونی

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 گروه رفتار حرکتی و روان‌شناسی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
2 گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه نیمس، فرانسه.
چکیده
هدف: هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر القای تهدید کلیشه‌ای جنسیت و به‌کارگیری کانون توجه بیرونی بر عملکرد و کینماتیک مهارت پرش طول ایستاده در زنان بود.

مواد و روشها: در این پژوهش ۴۵ زن غیرورزشکار؛ در دو مرحله پایه و آزمایشی، مهارت پرش طول ایستاده را اجرا کردند. در مرحله پایه، شرکت‌کنندگان چهار پرش را بدون دریافت هیچ‌گونه دستورالعمل یا القای خاصی انجام دادند و عملکرد (مسافت پرش) و کینماتیک (حداکثر فلکشن زانو پیش از تیک‌آف) ثبت شد. سپس شرکت‌کنندگان به‌صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند: (۱) القای تهدید کلیشه‌ای جنسیت، (۲) القای تهدید کلیشه‌ای جنسیت همراه با دستورالعمل کانون توجه بیرونی، و (۳) شرایط خنثی. در مرحله آزمایشی، افراد چهار پرش را تحت شرایط آزمایشی خود اجرا کردند.

یافته ها: نتایج مدل خطی با اثرات آمیخته نشان داد که در بعد عملکردی، اثرات اصلی شرایط آزمایشی و مراحل معنادار بودند (p < 0.05)، اما اثر تعاملی معنادار نبود (p = 0.64)، که بیانگر عدم تأثیر معنادار تهدید کلیشه‌ای و توجه بیرونی بر عملکرد است. در مقابل، در بعد کینماتیکی، اثر تعاملی معنادار بود (p = 0.03) و حداکثر فلکشن زانو در شرایط تهدید کلیشه‌ای همراه با توجه بیرونی و نیز شرایط خنثی، به‌طور معناداری بیشتر از شرایط تهدید کلیشه‌ای بود.

نتیجه گیری: عدم تفاوت عملکردی احتمالاً ناشی از سادگی تکلیف و سطح مهارتی پایین شرکت‌کنندگان است، در حالی‌که تغییرات کینماتیکی نشان می‌دهد تهدید کلیشه‌ای الگوی حرکتی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و توجه بیرونی می‌تواند اثرات منفی آن را تعدیل کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of Gender Stereotype Threat on Women’s Long Jump Performance and Kinematics: Exploring the Role of External Attentional Focus

نویسندگان English

Zainab Abasmanesh 1
Esmaeel Saemi 1
Mina Moradi 1
Maxime Deshayes 2
1 Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Nimes University, APSY-V, F-30021, Nîmes, Cedex 1, France.
چکیده English

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of gender stereotype threat induction and the use of an external focus of attention on performance and kinematics of the standing long jump in women.

Materrials and Methods: Forty-five non-athlete women performed the long jump in two phases. In the baseline phase, participants completed four jumps without receiving any specific instructions or experimental manipulation, and performance (jump distance) and kinematics (maximum knee flexion prior to take-off) were recorded. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups: (1) gender stereotype threat induction, (2) gender stereotype threat induction combined with external focus instruction, and (3) a neutral condition. In the experimental phase, participants performed four jumps under their assigned conditions.

Results: The results of the linear mixed-effects model indicated that in the performance dimension, the main effects of experimental conditions and phases were significant (p < 0.05), but the interaction effect was not significant (p = 0.64), suggesting that gender stereotype threat and external focus did not significantly affect performance. In contrast, in the kinematic dimension, the interaction effect was significant (p = 0.03), and maximum knee flexion in the stereotype threat combined with external focus condition, as well as in the neutral condition, was significantly greater than in the stereotype threat condition.

Conclusion: The lack of performance differences may be due to task simplicity and the low skill level of participants. However, kinematic changes suggest that stereotype threat influenced movement patterns, while external focus may help mitigate its negative effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Stereotype Threat
Kinematics
Standing Long Jump
External Focus of Attention
Knee Flexion
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دوره 15، شماره 58
زمستان 1405
صفحه 1-23

  • تاریخ دریافت 22 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 28 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 فروردین 1405