Brain-based interventions have emerged as promising approaches for enhancing cognitive, motor, and psychological performance in sports science. Although numerous studies have examined interventions such as Brain Gym, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), mindfulness, cognitive training, and neurotechnology-assisted approaches, the evidence remains fragmented across populations and intervention modalities. This integrative review aimed to synthesize current evidence and develop a conceptual framework explaining the shared neural mechanisms underlying brain-based interventions across the lifespan.An integrative review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies were identified from national and international scientific databases using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on participant characteristics, intervention type and duration, assessment methods, cognitive, motor, and psychological outcomes, and proposed neural mechanisms were extracted and narratively synthesized.The evidence demonstrated that diverse brain-based interventions—including Brain Gym, tDCS, mindfulness, cognitive-motor training, and other neuroscience-informed approaches—consistently improved cognitive, motor, and psychological outcomes across age groups. Despite differences in intervention protocols, their benefits appeared to converge through common neurobiological mechanisms, including enhanced neuroplasticity, improved functional brain connectivity, increased cortical excitability, and optimized executive functioning. Intervention effectiveness varied according to age, individual characteristics, and intervention dosage.This review proposes a conceptual framework integrating brain-based interventions, shared neural mechanisms, and multidimensional performance outcomes. The framework suggests that cognitive, motor, and psychological functions represent interconnected components of an integrated neural system rather than independent domains, providing a foundation for developing personalized, multidisciplinary, and evidence-based interventions in sports science, rehabilitation, education, and health promotion throughout the lifespan