Quality of life is one of the most important indicators of students' health and well-being, which is influenced by individual, behavioral, and social factors. The present study aimed to investigate the role of physical literacy, daily physical activity, and social support in predicting students' quality of life. The present study was descriptive-correlational with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included second-year high school students in Tehran, 420 of whom were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Physical Literacy Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 4 software. Physical literacy (β=0.39, P<0.001), daily physical activity (β=0.23, P<0.001), and social support (β=0.31, P<0.001) have a positive and significant effect on students' quality of life. Among the research variables, physical literacy was the strongest predictor of quality of life. The proposed model had a good fit, and these three variables together were able to explain 64.3% of the variance in students' quality of life. Students' quality of life is the result of the interaction of individual, behavioral, and social factors. Improving physical literacy, increasing participation in daily physical activity, and strengthening social support can play an important role in improving students' quality of life. Therefore, simultaneous attention to these components in school physical education programs and policies to promote student health is recommended.