Athletic success in team sports is influenced by multiple psychological factors. This study aimed to examine the prediction of personality traits on athletic success among team athletes with the moderating role of perfectionism, mental toughness, and coping strategies. The research method was correlational, conducted through a survey approach in a field setting. The statistical population consisted of team athletes in football, volleyball, basketball, and handball at ages 20 to 30 years in Babylon Province, Iraq. The current sample size consisted of 131 athletes (male and female) with a minimum of two years of athletic activity experience, who were selected through convenience sampling. Standard questionnaires were used: the Big Five personality factors, the Multidimensional Sport Perfectionism Scale-2, sport mental toughness, coping strategies in sport, and the athletic success scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression tests at a significance level of 0.05. Findings showed that among the five personality traits, only emotional stability was a positive and significant predictor of athletic success. Other personality traits had varying effects on mediating variables: conscientiousness was a positive predictor and emotional stability was a negative predictor of perfectionism. Extraversion and emotional stability positively predicted mental toughness. Additionally, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability were positive predictors of the use of coping strategies. Based on the findings, emotional stability is the most important personality trait affecting athletic success, and coping strategies, as a mediating variable, play a key role in explaining the relationship between personality and athletic success.