نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اصفهان (خوراسگان)

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسة فرایند اکتساب خبرگی در کشتی‌گیرانِ مدال‌آور کشوری و جهانی بود. بدین‌منظور، 40 مدال‌آور کشوری و جهانی به‌صورت دردسترس و هدفمند انتخاب شدند. با روش مصاحبة گذشته نگر، سن شروع و میزان تمرینات کشتی، تمرینات آمادگی جسمانی و آمادگی روانی کشتی‌گیران ثبت شد. داده‌های با آزمون تی مستقل تحلیل شد. بین دوگروه به لحاظ سن شروع تمرین کشتی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. میزان تمرین هدفمند مدال‌آوران جهانی و کشوری در مرحلة نمونه‌گیری (6-12 سال) و تخصصی‌شدن تفاوتی با یکدیگر نداشت و تنها تفاوت به میزان تمرین هدفمند کشتی در مرحلة سرمایه‌گذاری مربوط می‌شد. هیچ‌کدام از مدال‌آوران کشوری و جهانی قبل از شانزده‌سالگی مهارت‌های روانی را تمرین نکرده‌‌بودند و تنها 20 درصد کشتی‌گیران بعد از سن شانزده ‌سالگی به تمرین مهارت‌های روانی پرداخته‌بودند. یافته‌های این مطالعه می‌تواند برای برنامه‌ریزان ورزشی، مربیان و والدین، آموزنده باشد و مثمر ثمر واقع شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Comparison of the Expertise Acquisition Process Regarding the Amount of Exercise for the National and International Wrestling Medalists Based on Developmental Model of Sports Participation

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to compare the expertise acquisition process in the national and international wrestling medalists. For this purpose, 40 national and international medalists were selected through convenient sampling. The retrospective interview was used to record age of starting and the amount of wrestling exercises, physical fitness exercises, and psychological preparations. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age of starting wrestling. There was no difference between the amount of deliberate practice at the sampling phase (6-12 years) and the specializing phase (13-15 years), the difference in the amount of deliberate practice only occurred at the investment phase (above16 years). None of the wrestlers practiced psychological skills before age of 16 and only 20 percent of these wrestlers practiced psychological skills after the age of 16. The findings of this study can be informative and fruitful for sports planners, coaches and parents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • " Expertise"
  • "Developmental of Sport Participation"
  • "Deliberate practice"
  • "Wrestling"
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