نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سنندج، سنندج، ایران
2 استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سنندج، سنندج، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، واحد سنندج ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سنندج، ایران
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر روانی بر موفقیت و شکست ورزشکاران طراحی و اجرا گردید. روش پژوهش به صورت پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری شامل ورزشکاران حرفه ای مرد در رشته های گروهی در استان های غرب کشور بود که اطلاعات کامل و دقیقی از آنان در دسترس نبود. بدین منظور، بر حسب انتخاب در دسترس تعداد 200 نفر از این افراد به عنوان نمونه پژوهش مشخص شدند. در نهایت پس از پخش و جمع آوری پرسش‌نامه های پژوهش تعداد 172 پرسش‌نامه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ابزار پژوهش، پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته ای بود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد در کل تعداد 24 مؤلفه شناسایی شده در 4 دسته عوامل شامل مسائل انگیزشی، جنبه های محیطی، مسائل فردی و مسائل اجرایی دسته بندی شدند. به عبارتی توجه به مسائل انگیزشی، جنبه های محیطی، مسائل فردی و مسائل اجرایی می تواند در شکل گیری موفقیت ها و شکست های ورزشکاران تأثیرگذار باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigating the Effective Psychological Factors on the Success and Failure of Athletes
نویسندگان [English]
- zahed Mohammadi 1
- Mozhgan Khodamorad Poor 2
- Mozafar Yektayar 3
- samira Ali abadi 2
1 PhD Student in Sport Management, Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Sanandaj Branch,Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the psychological factors affecting the success and failure of athletes. The research method was survey. The statistical population included male professional athletes in group disciplines in the western provinces of Iran that complete and accurate information of them was not available. For this purpose, according to the available selection, 200 of these people were identified as the research sample. Finally, after distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 172 questionnaires were analyzed. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that a total of 24 identified components were classified into 4 categories of factors including motivational issues, environmental aspects, individual issues and executive issues. In other words, paying attention to motivational issues, environmental aspects, personal issues and executive issues can be effective in shaping the successes and failures of athletes.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Psychological
- Success
- Failure
- Athlete
2. Blynova, O., Kruglov, K., Semenov, O., Los, O., & Popovych, I. (2020). Psychological safety of the learning environment in sports school as a factor of achievement motivation development in young athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(1), 14-23.
3. Bray, S. R., & Martin, K. A. (2003). The effect of competition location on individual athlete performance and psychological states. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(2), 117-123.
4. Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes' use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43-51.
5. Fletcher, D., & Arnold, R. (2011). A qualitative study of performance leadership and management in elite sport. Journal of applied sport psychology, 23(2), 223-242.
6. Gustafsson, H., Sagar, S. S., & Stenling, A. (2017). Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 27(12), 2091-2102.
7. Gustafsson, H., Martinent, G., Isoard, S., Hassmén, P., & Guillet, E. (2018). Performance based self-esteem and athlete-identity in athlete burnout: A person-centered approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 56-60.
8. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D (2006). From Psychological Need Satisfaction to Intentional Behavior: Testing a Motivational Sequence in Two Behavioral Context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 131- 138.
9. Khosravi, L., & Nazemi, M. (2016). Competitive sports anxiety in athletes, the first national conference on physical education and sports sciences, Varamin, Sama Technical and Vocational School, Varamin Branch In Persian.
10. Markati, A., Psychountaki, M., Kingston, K., Karteroliotis, K., & Apostolidis, N. (2019). Psychological and situational determinants of burnout in adolescent athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(5), 521-536.
11. Moore, Z. E., & Bonagura, K. (2017). Current opinion in clinical sport psychology: from athletic performance to psychological well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 176-179.
12. Nixdorf, I., Frank, R., & Beckmann, J. (2016). Comparison of athletes’ proneness to depressive symptoms in individual and team sports: Research on psychological mediators in junior elite athletes. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 893.
13. Pekrun, R., & Marsh, H. W. (2018). Weiner’s attribution theory: Indispensable—but is it immune to crisis? Motivation Science, 4(1), 19–20.
14. Rice, S. M., Parker, A. G., Mawren, D., Clifton, P., Harcourt, P., Lloyd, M., ... & Purcell, R. (2019). Preliminary psychometric validation of a brief screening tool for athlete mental health among male elite athletes: the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-16.
15. Saidi Rad, M., Hossini, F., & Seyed Ameri, M. (2018). Comparison of psychological skills of swimmers aged 14 to 18 years according to their level of performance in both training and competition situations, the first national student conference of the Association of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Tehran, Scientific Association of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology In Persian.
16. Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of sports sciences, 32(15), 1419-1434.
17. Singh, A., & Parmar, D. S. (2016). A comparative study of psychological factor among female athletes. International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research, 2(1), 8-21.
18. Standage, M., Duda, J. L., Ntoumanis, N (2006). Students' Motivational Processes and their Relationship to Teacher Ratings in School Physical education: A Self- determination Theory Approach. Research Quarterly for exercise and Sport, 77, 100-110.
19. Timpka, T., Jacobsson, J., Dahlström, Ö., Kowalski, J., Bargoria, V., Ekberg, J., ... & Renström, P. (2015). The psychological factor ‘self-blame’predicts overuse injury among top-level Swedish track and field athletes: a 12-month cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(22), 1472-1477.
20. Vaez Mosavi, S., & Mosavi, S. (2015). Factors influencing sports success based on related theories and models. Sports Psychology Studies, 10, 25-50. In Persian.
21. Walach, B.Z. (2014). Leadership scale for sports- theoretical background and review of psychometric properties research, Czech Ki anthropology, 18 (3), 67–76.
22. Weiner, B. (1972). Attribution theory, achievement motivation, and the educational process. Review of educational research, 42(2), 203-215.
23. Weiner, B. (2018). The legacy of an attribution approach to motivation and emotion: A no-crisis zone. Motivation Science, 4(1), 4.
24. Zardtoshtian, Sh. (2008). The Relationship between Transformational and Pragmatic Leadership Styles of Coaches with Competition Motivation of Iranian Basketball Premier League Players. PhD Thesis, Physical Education and Sports Science, Tarbiat Moallem. In persian
)