نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت راهبردی تربیت بدنی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران

2 دانش آموخته دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه شمال،آمل، مازندران، ایران

3 گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی الگوی تصمیم­ گیری اخلاقی داوران حرفه ­ای فوتبال ایران طراحی و اجرا گردید. روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل خبرگان آگاه به موضوع پژوهش بودند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات در پژوهش حاضر مصاحبه بود. مطابق با نتایج پژوهش مشخص گردید شرایط علی در مدل حاضر شامل عوامل فردی، عوامل ایمنی، عوامل مقررات و ساختار و عوامل محیطی است. نتایج همچنین نشان داد عوامل زمینه ­ای در جهت بهبود تصمیم ­گیری اخلاقی داوران شامل دانش و تخصص، ارزش­ ها و امکانات و تجهیزات است. نتایج نشان داد عوامل مداخله ­گر شامل عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل سیاسی، عوامل اجتماعی و عوامل انسانی است. مطابق با نتایج پژوهش مشخص گردید راهبردها در چهار حوزه ایمنی و امنیت، توسعه امکانات و تجهیزات، سیاست­گذاری و آموزش و همچنین توسعه فرهنگی است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر همچنین نشان داد پیامدهای توسعه تصمیم گیری اخلاقی در میان داوران فوتبال حرفه ای ایران شامل پیامدهای فردی و شغلی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing an Ethical Decision-Making Model for Professional Football Referees in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh kamali 1
  • mohsen manochehri Nezhad 2
  • mina hakak zadeh 3

1 PhD Student in Strategic Management of Physical Education, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

2 Phd In Management Of Phyical Education,Amol, Shomal University,Mazandaran,Iran

3 Department of Physical Education, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of designing an ethical decision-making model for professional Iranian football referees. The method of the present study was qualitative. The statistical population of the study included experts aware of the subject. The data collection tool in the present study was interview. According to the research results, it was found that the causal conditions in the present model include individual factors, safety factors, regulatory factors and structure and environmental factors. The results also showed that the underlying factors for improving the ethical decision making of referees include knowledge and expertise, values ​​and facilities and equipment. The results showed that the intervening factors include economic factors, political factors, social factors and human factors. According to the research results, the strategies are in four areas: safety and security, development of facilities and equipment, policy-making and education, as well as cultural development. The results of the present study also showed that the consequences of developing ethical decision-making among Iranian professional football referees include individual and professional consequences

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethics
  • Decision Making
  • Behavior
  • Corruption
  • Referee
1. al-Jubouri, K. K., & Ibrahim, R. A. T. (2019). The efforts of AIbasariiyn scientists in the organization of ethics. Journal of historical and cultural studies, 10(34), 186-212.
2. AmirShahi, M., Shirazi, M., & Ghavami, S. (2011). Investigating the relationship between sellers' personal ethics philosophy and their ethical decision-making process. Journal of Improvement and Transformation Management, 63, 27-62. Persian.
3. Bazerman, M. H., & Sezer, O. (2016). Bounded awareness: Implications for ethical decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, 95-105.
4. Bein, T., & Brodie, D. (2017). Understanding ethical decisions for patients on extracorporeal life support. Intensive Care Medicine, 43(10), 1510-1511.
5. Boxill, J. (2003). The Ethics of Competition, New Jersey: Black well Publisher.
6. Bridges, E. (2018), Executive ethical decisions initiating organizational culture and values. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 28 (5), 576-608.
7. Carvalho, A. S., Pereira, S. M., Jácomo, A., Magalhães, S., Araújo, J., Hernández-Marrero, P., ... & Schatman, M. E. (2018). Ethical decision making in pain management: a conceptual framework. Journal of pain research, 11, 967.
8. Caswell, S.V., Gould, T.E. (2008). Individual moral philosophies and ethical-decision making of undergraduate athletic training education students and educators. J Athl Train, 43, 205-214.
9. Chen, A., Treviño, L. K., & Humphrey, S. E. (2020). Ethical champions, emotions, framing, and team ethical decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(3), 245.
10. Chobine, S. (2012). Psychology of Judgment, Tehran: Publications of the Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Persian.
11. Feezell R. Sport, play, and ethical reflection. Chicago: University of Illinois Press; 2004 Oct 22.
12. Ghorbani M. H., Amiri-Moghaddam M,, & Zareian H. (2019). Identification and Formulation of a Model of Ethical Values in Iranian Sport. Research on Educational Sport, 7 (17), 277-304. Persian.
13. Harriss, D. J., & Atkinson, G. (2011). Update–ethical standards in sport and exercise science research. International journal of sports medicine, 32(11), 819-821.
14. Jones, T. M. (1991). Ethical decision making by individuals in organizations: An issue-contingent model. Academy of management review, 16(2), 366-395.
15. Latta, G. F., Clottey, E., Dugan, M., & Chikeleze, M. (2020). Developing Ethical Leaders: Innovations in Promoting Ethical Decision-making, I sing Discretionary Power & Overcoming Immunity to Moral Integrity. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 17(2), 73-87.
16. Lehnert, K., Craft, J., Singh, N., & Park, Y. H. (2016). The human experience of ethics: A review of a decade of qualitative ethical decision‐making research. Business ethics: A European review, 25(4), 498-537.
17. Laurencio, F. J., LugoMatos, S., & Ramírez, F. F. (2019). Program for the formation and ethical-professional update of the sport referee. Revista Cultura Física y Deportes de Guantánamo, 9 (17), 1-11.
18. McCarrick, D., Brewer, G., Lyons, M., Pollet, T. V., & Neave, N. (2020). Referee height influences decision making in British football leagues. BMC psychology, 8(1), 1-10.
19. McManus, J. (2019). Ethical Considerations & the Practice of Tanking in Sport Management. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 13(2), 145-160.
20. Moghimi, M., & Ghafari, R. (2016). Ethics in government: ethnomatizing ethics in government organizations, Public Management Research, 9 (33), 35-59. In Persian.
21. Moore, Z.E. (2003). Ethical dilemmas in sport psychology: Discussion and recommendations for practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(6), 601–610.
22. Rabiee Mandejin, M.R. (2019). Model of the Role of Moral Tension in the Professional Athletes' Burnout. Sport Psychology Studies; 8(29), 137-50. Persian.
23. Sambala, E. Z., Cooper, S., & Manderson, L. (2020). Ubuntu as a framework for ethical decision making in Africa: Responding to epidemics. Ethics & Behavior, 30(1), 1-13.
24. Schwartz, M. S. (2016). Ethical decision-making theory: An integrated approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(4), 755-776.
25. Schwartz, M. S. (2017). Business ethics: An ethical decision-making approach. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
26. Schweizer, G., Plessner, H., Kahlert, D., & Brand, R. (2011). A video-based training method for improving soccer referees’ intuitive decision-making skills. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23(4), 429-442.
27. Tajbakhsh, A. (2014). A model for improving the level of sports ethics with an Islamic ethics approach. Pajoheshnameh Akhlagh, 7 (25), 45-68. Persian.
28. Trevino, L. K. (1986). Ethical decision making in organizations: A person-situation interactionist model. Academy of management Review, 11(3), 601-617.
29. Watson, J. C., Harris, B. S., & Baillie, P. (2020). Ethical Issues Impacting the Profession of Sport Psychology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
30. XU, D. M., & WANG, T. C. (2007). Discussion Sport Ethics of Referee Cultivation [J]. Journal of Huaibei Coal Industry Teachers College (Natural Science Edition), 4, 1-9.