ویژگی‎های روان‌سنجی نسخۀ فارسی پرسش‌نامۀ انعطاف‌پذیری روان‌شناختی در ورزشکاران

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد رفتار حرکتی، گروه تربیت‌بدنی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

2 گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

3 پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و رفتاری در ورزش، پژوهشگاه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: اهمیت انعطاف­پذیری روان‌شناختی در ورزشکاران ازآنجایی مشخص می­شود که بسیاری از آسیب­های روانی و ناهنجاری­های رفتاری ورزشکاران با آن ارتباط دارند و به این دلیل علاقه‌مندی برای اعمال مداخلات پذیرش و ذهن­آگاهی در بین ورزشکاران افزایش می‌یابد؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف برررسی روایی و پایایی پرسش‌نامۀ انعطاف‌پذیری روان‌شناختی در ورزشکاران به‌منظور استانداردسازی این ابزار در داخل کشور انجام شد.
مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر ازجمله پژوهش‌های کاربردی و توسعة ابزار محسوب می‌شود که به لحاظ نحوة گردآوری اطلاعات، میدانی و از نظر کنترل متغیرها، غیرآزمایشی بود. تعداد 319 نفر از ورزشکاران رشته‌های مختلف ورزشی به‌صورت تصادفی ساده (دردسترس) انتخاب شدند و به تکمیل پرسش‌نامه پرداختند. بعد از تکنیک ترجمه-بازترجمه و تأیید روایی صوری پرسش‌نامه توسط سه متخصص، بررسی اولیۀ پرسش‌نامه برای رفع اشکالات جزئی انجام شد. به­منظور تعیین روایی سازۀ عاملی پرسش‌نامه از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مبتنی بر مدل معادلات ساختاری، برای تعیین همسانی درونی پرسش‌نامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و به‌منظور تعیین ثبات آن از ضریب همبستگی با استفاده از آزمون-بازآزمون استفاده شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که پرسش‌نامۀ انعطاف‌پذیری روان‌شناختی با هشت عامل تأیید شد. همچنین پرسش‌نامه شاخص‌های برازندگی مطلق، همسانی درونی و ثبات قابل­قبولی داشت که بیانگر روایی و پایایی مطلوبی بود.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه ابزاری مفید، روا و پایا رابرای اندازه‌گیری انعطاف‌پذیری روان‌شناختی در ورزشکاران برای پژوهشگران و روانشناسان ورزش ارائه می نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychometric Properties of the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire in Athletes: The Persian Version

نویسندگان [English]

  • Lily Rahbari Fard 1
  • Mahtab Arabi 2
  • Amir Shams 3
1 MSc in Motor Behavior, Department of Physical Education, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Physical Education, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences in Sport, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose
Psychological resilience is crucial in sports because athletes constantly face a variety of stressors, anxiety, and stress (Moore, 2009). Johles et al. (2020) conducted a study to address this issue by examining the psychometrics of a new scale of psychological resilience among competitive athletes. However, it is important to note the limitations of this scale, as it may not be suitable for sports conditions and only measures general psychological flexibility across various aspects of life (Bond et al., 2013). Therefore, the present study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the psychological flexibility questionnaire in athletes.
Material and Methods
The statistical population of the present study included male and female athletes participating in various team and individual sports at different levels. A total of 329 subjects were involved in this study, with 319 individuals participating in confirmatory factor validity and internal stability assessments through completion of the questionnaire. An additional 10 individuals were included in the initial pilot phase. The questionnaire used in this study was the Psychological Flexibility in Athletes questionnaire developed by Johles et al. (2020). This questionnaire consists of 12 items organized into three factors, with each factor containing four items. The factors assess athletes' thoughts, sports anxiety, and feelings, with each item being scored on a five-point Likert scale ranging from zero to five. Following data collection, the information was analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate frequency distributions, confirmatory factor analysis employing structural equations to validate the questionnaire factors, Cronbach's alpha coefficient to assess internal consistency, and Pearson and intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability of the questionnaire.
Results
A total of 319 female (158) and male (161) athletes at both professional and amateur levels across 15 individual sports and 10 team sports participated in this study. The ICC internal correlation coefficient for relative reliability of the test-retest was calculated. The questionnaire's total score indicated excellent reliability, with the inter-class correlation coefficient showing reliability between test times. It is important to note that the results of the descriptive and analytical parts of the confirmatory factor analysis do not include subjects from the pilot study. The Pearson correlation coefficient and internal correlation coefficient in SPSS software were utilized to evaluate the reliability of the Persian version of the psychological resilience questionnaire using the retest method. The assessments were conducted 2 weeks apart. The ICC internal correlation coefficient for the relative reliability of the test-retest score indicated high reliability of the questionnaire. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable factor validity of the research questionnaire.
Conclusion
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire in athletes. Overall, the results of this study are positively associated with high levels of psychological resilience scores linked to depression and anxiety, as confirmed in the study by Johles et al. (2020). Previous studies have also shown that increased mental flexibility can lead to improved athletic performance (Lundgren et al., 2019). Experiences that increase athletes' ability to tolerate unpleasant thoughts and feelings may facilitate value-oriented behaviors and focus on task-related cues, ultimately increasing the likelihood of performance improvement (Josephson et al., 2019). In conclusion, this study presents a scale for measuring psychological resilience in a wide range of athletes with promising psychometric properties. Therefore, the new psychometrics of the Persian version of the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire in athletes can be a feasible and practical scale that complements psychometrics in the field of sports psychology for the future.
Keywords: Psychometric Properties, Psychological Flexibility, Performance, Quality of Life.
FundingThe present study received no financial support from any institution or organization.
Authors' contributions
First author: Data collection and authorship of the introduction; Second and Third author: conceptualization and presentation of the idea, authorship of the introduction, discussion and methodology, and data analysis. All authors contributed equally to the writing and revision of the article.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We sincerely thank and appreciate all the athletes who cooperated in the present research.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • psychometric evaluation
  • psychological flexibility
  • performance
  • quality of life

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 دی 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 دی 1400

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