شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر پایبندی به فعالیت‌های ورزشی نوجوانان: یک مطالعۀ کیفی

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی ورزشی، گروه علوم رفتاری و شناختی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه علوم رفتاری و شناختی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مواد و روش ها:  این مطالعه به روش تحقیق کیفی انجام شد. به این منظور داده­ها با استفاده از مصاحبه­های نیمه‌ساختارمند با 24 مصاحبه‌شونده شامل 12 ورزشکار پسر و 8 ورزشکار دختر نوجوان و 4 نفر از مربیان آن­ها در شهر یزد جمع­آوری شد. همه مصاحبه­ها ضبط و سپس به ‌صورت متن پیاده­سازی شد و با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون تحلیل شد.
یافته­ها: نتایج تحقیق در سه سطح کدهای باز، تم­های فرعی و تم­های اصلی شناسایی شد که حاوی حمایت­های اجتماعی و روان‌شناختی شامل تأثیر والدین (پشتیبانی روان­شناختی، حمل و نقل، الگو بودن، حمایت مالی و تماشاگر بودن)، تأثیر مربیان (تخصص، اخلاق و شخصیت، تعامل با والدین)، تأثیر دوستان (دوستیابی، با دوستان بودن)، تأثیر رسانه و شبکه­های اجتماعی (انگیزه دادن، الگوبرداری و یادگیری) بود. شایستگی حرکتی شامل شایستگی حرکتی واقعی (استعداد داشتن، پیشرفت کردن، فیزیک بدنی مناسب) و ادراک‌شده (باور به توانمندی­های خود، تأیید مربی، آگاهی از نقاط ضعف و قوت خود) و انگیزش نیز شامل انگیزه درونی (علاقه، لذت و تفریح) و بیرونی (حرفه­ای شدن و هدف داشتن، سلامتی و تناسب اندام) بود.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که پایبندی به فعالیت­های ورزشی در نوجوانان به طیفی از عوامل اجتماعی و روان‌شناختی، شایستگی­های حرکتی و انگیزش بستگی دارد که با در نظر گرفتن این عوامل می­توان در راستای پایبندی نوجوانان به فعالیت­های بدنی گام برداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying Factors Influencing the Adherence to Sports Activities of Teenagers: A Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghasem Babaei Zarch 1
  • Fazlolah Bagherzade 2
  • ali moghadam zade 3
  • Hassan Gharayagh zandi 4
  • Ahmad Mahmoudi 4
1 Ph. D Student in Sport Psychology, Department of Behavior Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Behavior Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Psychology, Faculty Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department Management Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose
The benefits of regular physical activity are well-proven. Regular participation in physical activity is associated with a better and longer life, reduced risk of various diseases, as well as emotional and psychological benefits. Adolescence is an important and vital period, and engaging in physical activity at this age can, in addition to having many positive effects for people, guarantee their habituation and participation in physical activity and sports to some extent in the future.
Social learning theory emphasizes that behavior is learned through direct experience or observation of others (modeling). In fact, social support is related to the tasks and functions that significant other perform to facilitate action by the individual. Social support includes social resources that people are willing to receive to improve their relationships (Friedlander, 2007).
On the other hand, Stoden et al. (2008) presented a conceptual model, highlighting the potential role of mastering basic motor skills in the positive and negative paths of participation in physical activity and healthy weight. Additionally, they introduced perceived motor competence and health-related physical fitness as mediating variables in this model, playing a variable role in the relationship between physical activity and motor competence in different stages of development.
 Regarding why people have problems sticking to sports activities despite its physical and psychological benefits, there is no acceptable solution or research. Also, it seems necessary to conduct the present research considering the different cultures in different societies and the change of cultures with the passage of time, the lack of scientific documents in this field and the progress of new sciences. Therefore, this research seeks to investigate what the reasons are for adolescents' adherence to physical activity and how it is achieved.
 Materials and Methods
In this study, a qualitative approach was used and in-depth and semi-structured interview techniques were used to collect data. The participants were selected based on purposeful sampling among teenagers aged 12 to 16 years who had been engaging in sports activities continuously for one year or more along with their coaches. The sampling process continued until data saturation. Finally, 20 boys’ and girls’ athletes and 4 of their coaches were interviewed. In this research, the method of theme analysis and data analysis using the coding method was used. This was done by using open and axial coding, classifying existing text units into meaningful and logical categories or themes.
Results
According to the results of the analysis of teenagers' interviews, the most important reasons for sticking to sports activities included the three main themes of social and psychological support, motor competence and motivation. Social and psychological supports also include the influence of parents (psychological support, transportation, being a role model, financial support and being a spectator), the influence of coaches (the expertise of the coach, the ethics and personality of the coach, the interaction of parents), the influence of friends (being with friends and making friends) and the influence of the media (motivation, modeling and learning). Movement competence consisted of two factors: real movement competence (having talent, progress, suitable physical physics) and perceived movement competence (confirmation and encouragement of the coach, belief in one's abilities, awareness of one's weaknesses and strengths). Motivation also included two parts of internal motivation (interest, pleasure and fun) and external motivation (becoming a professional and having a goal, health and fitness).
Conclusion
Based on the results, it can be concluded that the role of parents as social supporters is crucial for teenagers to continue and adhere to sports activities. Parents can support their adolescents by taking them to and from the gym, covering club fees including registration fees and purchasing necessary equipment and clothing, showing interest in their adolescents' sports by attending their training and competitions, providing encouragement and constant communication, and even participating in exercise themselves. Cheng et al. (2014) found that social support directly and indirectly increases physical activity in both boys and girls.
Another important factor in adolescents' adherence to sports activities is motor competence, which comprises real and perceived motor competence. Motor competence is linked to promoting a healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents, and studies have shown that individuals with high motor competence (HMC) are more likely to engage in physical activity and team sports, leading to increased social acceptance and self-confidence (Skinner and Peek, 2011). Recognizing teenagers' talents and abilities, increasing their self-awareness, catering to their interests, and providing motivation based on individual preferences can also encourage adherence to sports activities.
Psychological motivations such as pleasure, fun, and entertainment in the sports environment play a significant role in teenagers' interest and continuation of sports. Maintaining interest in sports and continued participation depends on the presence of these factors. Setting goals, developing talent, and striving for improvement also impact sports activity by fostering pride in showcasing talent, honing skills, and outperforming others. According to the theory of the need for achievement, individuals who succeed due to their talent are driven to seek further success and enhance their performance (Gil et al., 2017).
FundingThe present study received no financial support from any institution or organization.
Authors' contributions
First and Second author: Data collection and authorship of the introduction; Third and Fourth author: conceptualization and presentation of the idea, authorship of the introduction, discussion and methodology; Fifth author:  Methodology and data analysis. All authors contributed equally to the writing and revision of the article.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We sincerely thank and appreciate all the people who participated in this research.
 
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social and Psychological Support
  • Motor Competence
  • Motivation
  • Adherence to Sports Activity
  • Qualitative Research

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 شهریور 1403

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