نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه یزد
2 گروه رفتار حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزش، دانشگاه یزد
3 دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد
چکیده
پژوهش‌های اخیر نشان داده است انواع خاصی از ورزش‌ها به سبب ماهیت پردازشی خود ممکن است اثر متفاوتی بر کارکردهای شناختی مختلف و فرآیندهای عصبی بگذارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر تجربه تمرینِ مهارت‌های ورزشی بر کارکردهای اجرایی سرد و داغ با تأکید بر نیازهای ادراکی محیط بود. پژوهش حاضر از نوع علی- مقایسه‌ای و به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی بود. نمونه آماری پژوهش را 166 نفر از جوانان و نوجوانان 18 تا 30 سال تشکیل دادند که به روش در دسترس انتخاب شدند. شرکت کنندگان شامل سه گروه افراد با تجربه انجام مهارت‌های باز، بسته و افراد کم‌تحرک بودند. آزمودنی‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های شناختی حافظه کاری ان‌بک و برد و باخت آیوا مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون آماری تحلیل واریانس یک‌سویه مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که افراد با تجربه تمرین مهارت‌های باز و بسته در میانگین تعداد پاسخ‌های صحیح آزمون حافظه کاری، نسبت به افراد کم‌تحرک اجرای بهتری داشته‌اند (05/0≥p)، اما بین گروه باز و بسته تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت. همچنین در امتیاز کل کسب شده در آزمون برد و باخت آیوا، بین افراد با تجربه تمرین مهارت‌های باز و بسته و افراد کم تحرک تفاوت معناداری دیده نشد (05/0≤p). با توجه به این که تجربه انجام مهارت‌های باز و بسته بر کارکردهای اجرایی سرد تأثیر معناداری دارد، می‌توان از این تمرینات برای بهبود حافظه کاری استفاده نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of the type of sports participation on hot and cold executive functions: Emphasis on the perceptual demands of environment
نویسندگان [English]
- mohammadhadi amin 1
- hossein samadi 2
- hamidreza fallah 3
1 yazd university
2 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Yazd University,
3 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Yazd University
چکیده [English]
Recent studies have shown that certain types of sports may have different effects on different cognitive functions and neural processes due to their processing nature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the experience of practicing sports skills on cold and hot executive functions with an emphasis on the perceptual needs of environment. The current research was of comparative causal type and applied type in terms of purpose. The statistical sample of the research was 166 youths and adolescents aged 18 to 30 years who were selected by available method. The participants included three groups of people with experience in open skill exercise (OSE), closed skill exercise (CSE) and inactive. Subjects were tested using working memory (N-back) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) cognitive tests. The research data was tested using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that although people with experience practicing in OSE and CSE had better performance in the average number of correct answers in the N-back test than people with inactive group (p≤.05), however, there was no significant difference between OSE and CSE groups. Also, there was no significant difference in the total points obtained in the IGT test between OSE and CSE and inactive groups (p≥0.05). Considering that the experience practicing in OSE and CSE has significant effect on cold executive functions, these exercises can be used to improve working memory.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- executive functions
- hot and cold
- decision making
- Cognition
- open and closed skills
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