نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)
2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه الزهرا (س)
3 استادیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)
چکیده
شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر انگیزش مشارکت در ورزش جوانان بسیار ضروری است. المپیاد همگانی دانشجویان با هدف افزایش انگیزه شرکت در ورزش برای دانشجویان غیرورزشکار برگزار می‌شود. هدف پژوهش، بررسی نقش تیپ‌های شخصیتی، ادراک موفقیت و تنظیم رفتار ورزشی در میزان انگیزش شرکت در ورزش دانشجویان دختر شرکت‌کننده در المپیاد همگانی سال 1398 دانشگاه الزهرا بود. شرکت‌کننده‌ها 212 دانشجو (دامنه سنی 30-18 سال) با کمتر از 2 سال سابقة تمرین فقط در همان رشته ورزشی بودند که بصورت تصادفی و هدفمند انتخاب شدند. پرسش‌نامة انگیزش مشارکت در ورزش، ادراک موفقیت ورزشی، تنظیم رفتار ورزشی و تیپ شخصیتی استفاده شد. نتایج رگرسیون خطی چندگانه نشان داد خرده مقیاس‌های ادراک موفقیت (خودگرایی، تکلیف گرایی)، تنظیم رفتار ورزشی (تنظیم بیرونی، انگیزة درونی، بی انگیزگی) و تیپ شخصیتی آ و ب می‌توانند بطور معناداری انگیزش شرکت در ورزش دختران غیرورزشکار را پیش‌بینی کنند. تأثیر خرده مقیاس بی‌انگیزگی بصورت منفی و سایر خرده مقیاس‌ها مثبت بود. یافته‌ها مطابق با پیش‌بینی نظریة خود مختاری بودند و تأکید می‌کنند انگیزش مشارکت ورزشی دختران غیرورزشکار تحت تأثیر مؤلفه‌های شخصیتی و روان‌شناختی قرار می‌گیرد که این امر مربیان و روان‌شناسان ورزشی را ترغیب به توسعة این‌گونه متغیرها در افراد غیرورزشکار می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Role of Personality Types, Perception of Success and Regulation of Sports Behavior in Motivation of Sports Participation in Non-Athlete Female Students: a self-determination theory Approach
نویسندگان [English]
- safa Bahrampour 1
- Maryam Abdoshahi 2
- maryam Rahimian Mashhadi 3
1 M.A. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University
2 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Science, Alzahra University
3 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Science, Alzahra University
چکیده [English]
Identifying the factors affecting the motivation to participate in youth sports is very important. The student public Olympiad is held with the aim of increasing the motivation of non-athlete students to participate in sports. The purpose was to investigate the role of personality types, perception of success, and regulation of sports behavior in the motivation of non-athlete female students participating in the 2019 Public Olympiad at Alzahra University. Participants included 212 people (age range of 18-30 years) with less than 2 years of training experience in the same sport only and were randomly and purposefully selected. The sports participation motivation, perception of sports success, regulation of sports behavior, and personality type questionnaire were used. The results of the multiple linear regression test showed that the subscales of success perception (self-orientation, task orientation), sports behavior regulation (external regulation, internal motivation, lack of motivation), and B/A personality type can significantly motivate to participate in sports (significance level less than 0.05). The effect of the lack of motivation subscale was negative and other subscales were positive. The findings were in line with the prediction of the self-determination theory and emphasize that the motivation of non-athlete girls to participate in sports is influenced by personality and psychological components, which encourages sports coaches and psychologists to develop such variables in non-athletes.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- self-determination theory
- motivation to participate in sports
- Perception of Success
- Regulation of Sports Behavior
- Personality Types
- Adie, J.W., Duda, J.L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 189–199.
- Abdoli, B., Farsi, A., & Norouzi, E. (2015). The Relationship Between Perceived Motivational Climate and Slef–Determination of Judokas in Iranian Pro League. Journal of Development and Motor Learning, 7(3), 295-310.(In Persian).
- Abdoshahi, M., & Koroei, M. (2019). Comparison of A and B personality types based on the motivation of participating in sports activities in adult girls. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ), 8(3), 81-90. (In Persian).
- Abdoshahi, m. (2018). Prediction of the participation motivation in sport of girls on the basis of the motivation of physical education teachers, with the self-determination theory approach. Sport psychology studies, 7(24), 1-18. (In Persian).
- Ahmadi, N., Abdoli, B., & Rezvani, M. (2017). Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ). Sport Psychology Studies, 6(22), 31-46. (In Persian).
- Alvarez, M. S., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2012). The coach-created motivational climate, young athletes’ well-being, and intentions to continue participation. Journal of clinical sport psychology, 6(2), 166-179.
- Aoyagi, K., Ishii, K., Shibata, A., Arai, H., Fukamachi, H., & Oka, K. (2020). A qualitative investigation of the factors perceived to influence student motivation for school-based extracurricular sports participation in Japan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 624-637.
- Argudo, F., Marcos, R. d., & Ruiz, R. (2015). Perception of success and athletic performance of a water polo goalkeeper. Educació Fisica i Esports, 13(3), 21-27.
- Bahram, a., & shafizadeh, m. (2006). Relationships between goal orientation and perceived ability with participation motivation in students. Journal of movement science & sports, 3(6), 53-69. (In Persian).
- Barghi, m. J., & bani, n. A. (2010). Relationship between identity styles with motivation factors and success feeling in elite teenager male karate players. Journal of instruction and evaluation, 3(9),7-25. (In Persian).
- Barzegar Torqabe, M., Sabze Noghaee, E., Shojaean, NS., Foladian, J. (2007). Investigating the motivation for success participation of female athletes and its relationship with perception of sport success. Student Conference on Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Babolsar, Iran, 125-131. (In Persian).
- Bee, C. C., & Havitz, M. E. (2010). Exploring the relationship between involvement, fan attraction, psychological commitment and behavioral loyalty in a sports spectator context. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(2), 37-54.
- Bodet, G. (2012). Loyalty in sport participation services: An examination of the mediating role of psychological commitment. Journal of Sport Management, 26(1), 30-42.
- Box, A. G., Feito, Y., Brown, C., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2019). Individual differences influence exercise behavior: how personality, motivation, and behavioral regulation vary among exercise mode preferences. Heliyon, 5(4), 01459.
- Clark, H. J., Camiré, M., Wade, T. , & Cairney J. (2015). Sport participation and its association with social and psychological factors known to predict substance use and abuse among youth: A scoping review of the literature. International review of sport and exercise psychology, 8(1), 224-50.
- Deelen, I., Ettema, D., & Kamphuis, (2018). Sports participation in sport clubs, gyms or public spaces: How users of different sports settings differ in their motivations, goals, and sports frequency. PLOS ONE, 13(10), 0205198.
- De Francisco, C., Sánchez-Romero, E. I., Vílchez Conesa, M. D. P., & Arce, C. (2020). Basic psychological needs, burnout and engagement in sport: The mediating role of motivation regulation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 4941.
- Dishman, R. K., McIver, K. L., Dowda, M., Saunders, R. P., & Pate, R. R. (2015). Motivation and behavioral regulation of physical activity in middle-school students. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 47(9), 1913.
- Ebben, W., & Brudzynski, L. (2008). Motivations and barriers to exercise among college students. Journal of Exercise Physiology online, 11(5), 1-11.
- Emami, S., Heidarinezhad, S., Shafee Nia, P. (2013). Motivational factors analysis of student participation in university extracurricular sport activities. Research on educational sport, (5), 65-80. (In Persian).
- Farmanbar, R., Niknami, S., Hidarnia, A., & Lubans, D. R. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2). Health promotion perspectives, 1(2), 95. (In Persian).
- Farzi, H., Abasi, H., Sori, A., Nazari, F. (2013). Determining of relationship between hardiness and motivation of progress with feeling of success in athletic students of Iranian and Iraqi universities.
Applied research of sport management, 3(7), 75-88. (In Persian).
- Fooladiyan, J., Sohrabi, M., AttarzadeHoseini, S. R., & Farsi, A. R. (2010). The relationship of Sports Participants Motives with Sports Orientation in Student athletes. Olympic, 17(4), 29-39. (In Persian).
- Frayeh, A. L., & Lewis, B. (2017). Sport commitment among adult recreational soccer players: Test of an expanded model. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(1), 4-24.
- Hashemi Chashemi, z., Farokhi, A., Zameni, L., Geravand, N. (2010). Comparison of motivation of male and female athlete students in sports activities and its relationship with goal orientation. Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, 7, 107-120. (In Persian).
- Holden, S. L., Pugh, S. F., & Schwarz, N. A. (2017). Achievement motivation of collegiate athletes for sport participation. J. Sports Sci, 7, 25-28.
- Ibrahim, H. I., Jaafar, A. H., Kassim, M. A. M., & Isa, A. (2016). Motivational Climate, Self-Confidence, and Perceived Success among Student Athletes. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 503-508.(in Persian)
- Ingledew, D. K., Markland D., & Sheppard, K, E. (2004). Personality and self-determination of exercise behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 134– 144.
- Jahangiri, M., Sohrabi, M. M., Parastar, F. (2014). Coach-created motivational climate, psychological needs, intrinsic motivation and continued sport participation among female adolescent athletes. Motor Behavior, 6(17), 171-84. (In Persian).
- Keshtidar, M.,& Behzadnia, B. (2017). Prediction of intention to continue sport in athlete students: A self-determination theory approach. PLOS ONE, 12(2), 0171673.
- Kilpatrick, M., Hebert, E., & Bartholomew, J. (2005). College students' motivation for physical activity: differentiating men's and women's motives for sport participation and exercise. Journal of American college health, 54(2), 87-94.
- Lamyuet, M. (2009). Constraints and motivations for physical activity participation in sedentary working people in Hong Kong. Physical education and recreation management (honors) Hong Kong University, 3, 254-268
- Mariani, A. M., Marcolongo, F., Melchiori, F. M., & Cassese, F. P. (2019). Mental skill training to enhance sport motivation in adolescents. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 1908-1913.(in Persian)
- Mirzaei, a., Nikbakhsh, R., & Sharififar, F. (2013). the relationship between personality traits and sport performance, European Journal of Experimental biology, 3(3), 439-442.
- Mohamadi torkamani, E., & Ganbari, E., & Bagheri, Q. (2017).
- Rezakhani, s. (2012). Different personalities' strategies for coping with stress. Psychological studies, 8(2 (30), 123-141. (In Persian).
- Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist, 55, 68–78
- Rodrigues, F., Macedo, R., Teixeira, D. S., Cid, L., & Monteiro, D. (2020). Motivation in sport and exercise: a comparison between the BRSQ and BREQ. Quality & Quantity, 54(4), 1335-1350.
- Sánchez-Torres, J. A., Argila-Irurita, A., & Rivera Gonzalez, J. A. (2021). Attitude Towards Sport Practice: What Makes an Individual Continued Practice of Sport? Trends in Psychology, 29(2), 341-353.
- Sit, C., & Lindner, K. (2005). Motivational orientations in youth sport participation: Using achievement goal theory and reversal theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 38 (3), 605-619.
- Sukys, S., Tilindienė, I., Cesnaitiene, V. J., & Kreivyte, R. (2019). Does Emotional Intelligence Predict Athletes’ Motivation to Participate in Sports? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 126(2), 305–322.
- Tofighi, A., Babaei, S., Dastah, S. (2014). The relationship between physical activity and mental health among nurses of urmia hospitals. Journal of nursing and midwifery Urmia university of medical sciences, 12(1), 72-8. (In Persian).
- Vella, S. A., Benson, A., Sutcliffe, J., McLaren, , Swann, C., Schweickle, M. J., ... & Bruner, M. (2020). Self-determined motivation, social identification and the mental health of adolescent male team sport participants. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1-15.
- Williams, L. (2013). Commitment to sport and exercise: re-examining the literature for a practical and parsimonious model. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 46(Suppl 1), S35.
- Yavary, N., Narmanji, F., Shojaee, M. (2015). Psychology test in sport science and practice. publish1, Tehran, Bamdad Ketab. In Persian.
)