تأثیر تمرینات منتخب ادراکی ـ حرکتی بر حافظه و مشکلات توجه کودکان کم-توان ذهنی آموزش پذیر

نوع مقاله : مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

2 دانشجوی دکتری یادگیری حرکتی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تمرینات ادراکی ـ حرکتی بر حافظه و مشکلات توجه کودکان کم­توان ذهنی آموزش­پذیر بود. در این پژوهش نیمه تجربی 20 کودک 7 تا 10 ساله از بین 600 دانش­آموز مدارس ابتدایی شهر تبریز به صورت تصادفی چند مرحله­ای به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. آن­ها در دو گروه تمرینات ادراکی ـ حرکتی و گروه کنترل بر اساس سن و بهرۀ هوشی همتاسازی شدند. برنامه­ به صورت 18 جلسه (هر هفته دو جلسة 45 دقیقه­ ای) انجام گرفت. قبل از شروع جلسات و در پایان آخرین جلسه پرسش‌نامۀ عصب – روان‌شناختی کانرز توسط والدین آنان تکمیل شد. نتایج نشان داد گروه  تمرینات ادراکی ـ حرکتی در حافظه و توجه نسبت به گروه کنترل عملکرد بهتری داشتند. بنابراین پیشنهاد می­گردد این دسته از حرکات در برنامۀ کلاس­های تربیت بدنی، فوق برنامه و منزل استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Selected Perceptual-Motor Practices on Memory and Attention Problems in Children with Intellectual Disability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrouz Ghorban Zadeh 1
  • Maryam lotfi 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of selected perceptual-motor training on memory and attentionproblems in children with intellectual disability. In this quasi-experimental study, 20 children, aged from 7 to 10 years old, were selected. They were divided into two groups of perceptual-motor practices and control according to age and IQ. Programs were held in 18 sessions (two sessions of 45 minutes in every week). Before the start of the first session and at the end of the last session, the neuropsychological Conner questionnaire was completed by their parents. Results showed that the experimental group in memory and attention performed better than the control group. Therefore, it is suggested that such movements must be included within physical education and extracurricular programs and at home.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Selected Perceptual-Motor Training
  • Memory
  • Attention Problems
  • Children with Intellectual Disability

مراجع

  1.  

    1. Abedi, A., Malekpour, M., Moulavi, H., Oreizi, H.R., Amiri, S.H (2008) "Neuropsychological aspect of preschool with and without neuropsychological developmental learning disability." Research on exceptional children 8 (1): 1-18. In Persian.
    2. Angevaren, M., G. Aufdemkampe, H. Verhaar, A. Aleman and L. Vanhees (2008). "Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment." Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3(3).
    3. Berchtold, N., G. Chinn, M. Chou, J. Kesslak and C. Cotman (2005). "Exercise primes a molecular memory for brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein induction in the rat hippocampus." Neuroscience 133(3): 853-861.
    4. Bouassida, A., K. Chamari, M. Zaouali, Y. Feki, A. Zbidi and Z. Tabka (2008). "Review on leptin and adiponectin responses and adaptations to acute and chronic exercise." British journal of sports medicine.
    5. Bruner, J. S. (1972). "Nature and uses of immaturity." American Psychologist 27(8): 687.
    6. Bue-Estes, C. L., B. Willer, H. Burton, J. J. Leddy, G. E. Wilding and P. J. Horvath (2008). "SHORT-TERM EXERCISE TO EXHAUSTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN YOUNG WOMEN 1." Perceptual and motor skills 107(3): 933-945.
    7. Chae, C., S. Jung, S. An, B. Park, S. Wang, I. Cho, J. Cho and H. Kim (2009). "RETRACTED: Treadmill exercise improves cognitive function and facilitates nerve growth factor signaling by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hippocampus." Neuroscience 164(4): 1665-1673.
    8. Chodzko-Zajko, W. J. (1991). "Physical fitness, cognitive performance, and aging." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
    9. Chodzko-Zajko, W. J. and K. A. Moore (1994). "Physical fitness and cognitive functioning in aging." Exercise and sport sciences reviews 22(1): 195-220.
    10. Cioni, B. (2007). Motor cortex stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. Operative Neuromodulation, Springer: 233-238.
    11. Clark, P. J., W. J. Brzezinska, E. K. Puchalski, D. A. Krone and J. S. Rhodes (2009). "Functional analysis of neurovascular adaptations to exercise in the dentate gyrus of young adult mice associated with cognitive gain." Hippocampus 19(10): 937-950.
    12. Cotman, C. W. and N. C. Berchtold (2002). "Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity." Trends in neurosciences 25(6): 295-301.
    13. Crimmens, P. (2006). Drama therapy and storymaking in special education, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
    14. Dehghani zade, J., Mohammad zadeh, H.,   Hosseini, F.S. (2013). "The effect of gymnastic program on  mental rotation." Journal of Cognitive Psychology 1(1): 24-16.
    15. Etnier, J. L., P. M. Nowell, D. M. Landers and B. A. Sibley (2006). "A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance." Brain research reviews 52(1): 119-130.
    16. Erickson, K. I., R. S. Prakash, M. W. Voss, L. Chaddock, L. Hu, K. S. Morris, S. M. White, T. R. Wójcicki, E. McAuley and A. F. Kramer (2009). "Aerobic fitness is associated with hippocampal volume in elderly humans." Hippocampus 19(10): 1030-1039.
    17. Farmer, J., X. Zhao, H. Van Praag, K. Wodtke, F. Gage and B. Christie (2004). "Effects of voluntary exercise on synaptic plasticity and gene expression in the dentate gyrus of adult male Sprague–Dawley rats in vivo." Neuroscience 124(1): 71-79.
    18. Furst, D. M. and K. Germone (1993). "Negative addiction in male and female runners and exercisers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77(1): 192-194.
    19. Ghorbanpoor, K. (2011). "The effect of memory reinforcement strategies training on visual memory and spelling of pupils in second and fifth grades primary school with learning disorder." MA thesis. Unpublished. University Ghaen. In Persian.
    20. Gutin, B. (1973). "Exercise-induced activation and human performance: A review." Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation 44(3): 256-268.
    21. Kajbaf, M. B., Lahijanian, Z., Abeli, A. (2011). "Comparison of memory profile in normal children with disable learning in spelling math and reading." Advances in Cognitive Science 25: 12-17.  In Persian.
    22. Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwartz and T. M. Jessell (2000). Principles of neural science, McGraw-Hill New York.
    23. Ketcham, C. J. and G. E. Stelmach (2004). "Movement control in the older adult." Technology for adaptive aging: 64-92.
    24. Lambourne, K. and P. Tomporowski (2010). "The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: a meta-regression analysis." Brain research 1341: 12-24.
    25. Leisman, G. and R. Melillo (2010). "Effects of motor sequence training on attentional performance in ADHD children." International Journal on Disability and Human Development 9(4): 275-282.
    26. Light, K. R., S. Kolata, C. Wass, A. Denman-Brice, R. Zagalsky and L. D. Matzel (2010). "Working memory training promotes general cognitive abilities in genetically heterogeneous mice." Current biology 20(8): 777-782.
    27. Loprinzi, P. D. and C. J. Kane (2015). Exercise and Cognitive Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining Acute Exercise and Free-Living Physical Activity and Sedentary Effects. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Elsevier.
    28. Martins, A. Q., M. Kavussanu, A. Willoughby and C. Ring (2013). "Moderate intensity exercise facilitates working memory." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14(3): 323-328.
    29. Matsuzawa, Y., T. Funahashi and T. Nakamura (1999). "Molecular Mechanism of Metabolic Syndrome X: Contribution of Adipocytokines· Adipocyte‐derived Bioactive Substances." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 892(1): 146-154.
    30. McGovern, M. (2005). "The effects of exercise on the brain." Serendip. brymawr. edu.
    31. Mello, P. B., F. Benetti, M. Cammarota and I. Izquierdo (2008). "Effects of acute and chronic physical exercise and stress on different types of memory in rats." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80(2): 301-309.
    32. Mirnezami, M. (2012). "The effect of educational games on short-term memory and dictation primary school students with specific learning disabilities." MA thesis. Unpublished. University Ghaen. In Persian.
    33. Nichol, K. E., A. I. Parachikova and C. W. Cotman (2007). "Three weeks of running wheel exposure improves cognitive performance in the aged Tg2576 mouse." Behavioural brain research 184(2): 124-132.
    34. Pan, C.-Y. (2008). "Objectively measured physical activity between children with autism spectrum disorders and children without disabilities during inclusive recess settings in Taiwan." Journal of autism and developmental disorders 38(7): 1292-1301.
    35. Piaget, J. (2013). Play, dreams and imitation in childhood, Routledge.
    36. Ploughman, M. (2008). "Exercise is brain food: the effects of physical activity on cognitive function." Developmental neurorehabilitation 11(3): 236-240.
    37. Rabinson, N. M., Rabinson, H. B. (1976). "Children with intellectual disability." Translated by: Farhad maher. Mashhad. Astan Ghods Razavi. In Persian.
    38. Rezaiyan, A., E. Mohammadi and P. A. Fallah (2007). "Effect of computer game intervention on the attention capacity of mentally retarded children." International journal of nursing practice 13(5): 284-288.
    39. Robbins, T., R. Cardinal and B. Everitt (2005). Foresight state of science review–neuroscience, London: Department of Trade and Industry.
    40. Sahakian, B., D. Turner and T. Duka (2005). Foresight state of science review–experimental psychology, London: Department of Trade and Industry.
    41. Salman, Z., Amini, H.  A., Zarian, E. (2012) "The Effect Gymnastics Training on Executive Functions Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Psychological Research Quarterly 5 (2), 47-64.  In Persian.
    42. Seif  Naraghi, M., Naderi, A. (2013). Psycology of Intellectual disabillity children and methods of their education.8 ed. Tehran: samt Pub. In Persian.
    43. Seghatol Eslam, A., Sheikh, M., naghdi, N., Arabameri, E., Namvar Asl, N. (2013). "Effects of short-term exercise on memory, learning and motor activity of rats." development and motor learning 11: 138-115.
    44. Shabani, M. (2004). Growth and motor development. Tehran: bonian olom Tehran Pub. In Persian
    45. Smith, A. M., K. M. Spiegler, B. Sauce, C. D. Wass, T. Sturzoiu and L. D. Matzel (2013). "Voluntary aerobic exercise increases the cognitive enhancing effects of working memory training." Behavioural brain research 256: 626-635.
    46. Sutoo, D. e. and K. Akiyama (2003). "Regulation of brain function by exercise." Neurobiology of disease 13(1): 1-14.
    47. Weyer, C., T. Funahashi, S. Tanaka, K. Hotta, Y. Matsuzawa, R. E. Pratley and P. A. Tataranni (2001). "Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86(5): 1930-1935.
    48. Sutton-Smith, B. (1967). "The role of play in cognitive development." Young children: 360-370.
    49. Tsai, C.-L., F.-C. Chen, C.-Y. Pan, C.-H. Wang, T.-H. Huang and T.-C. Chen (2014). "Impact of acute aerobic exerci se and cardiorespiratory fitness on visuospatial attention performance and serum BDNF levels." Psychoneuroendocrinology 41: 121-131.
    50. Vogt, T., S. Schneider, V. Abeln, V. Anneken and H. K. Strüder (2012). "Exercise, mood and cognitive performance in intellectual disability—A neurophysiological approach." Behavioural brain research 226(2): 473-480.
    51. Yaffe, K., D. Barnes, M. Nevitt, L.-Y. Lui and K. Covinsky (2001). "A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women: women who walk." Archives of internal medicine 161(14): 1703-1708.
    52. Zare, H., Amir Ahooyi, F., Taraj, S. h. (2009).  "Effect on short-term memory and spelling games educational elementary students with learning disabilities." Journal Exceptional Children 9: (4):374-367.  In Persian

     

                          

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 اسفند 1394

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار